57 research outputs found
Layer Construction of Three-Dimensional Z2 Monopole Charge Nodal Line Semimetals and prediction of the abundant candidate materials
The interplay between symmetry and topology led to the concept of
symmetry-protected topological states, including all non-interacting and weakly
interacting topological quantum states. Among them, recently proposed nodal
line semimetal states with space-time inversion () symmetry which
are classified by the Stiefel-Whitney characteristic class associated with real
vector bundles and can carry a nontrivial monopole charge have
attracted widespread attention. However, we know less about such 3D
nodal line semimetals and do not know how to construct them. In
this work, we first extend the layer construction previously used to construct
topological insulating states to topological semimetallic systems. We construct
3D nodal line semimetals by stacking of 2D
-symmetric Dirac semimetals via nonsymmorphic symmetries. Based
on our construction scheme, effective model and combined with first-principles
calculations, we predict two types of candidate electronic materials for
nodal line semimetals, namely 14 Si and Ge structures and 108
transition metal dichalcogenides (=Cr, Mo, W, =S, Se, Te). Our
theoretical construction scheme can be directly applied to metamaterials and
circuit systems. Our work not only greatly enriches the candidate materials and
deepens the understanding of nodal line semimetal states but
also significantly extends the application scope of layer construction
ALL-MASK: A Reconfigurable Logic Locking Method for Multicore Architecture with Sequential-Instruction-Oriented Key
Intellectual property (IP) piracy has become a non-negligible problem as the
integrated circuit (IC) production supply chain is becoming increasingly
globalized and separated that enables attacks by potentially untrusted
attackers. Logic locking is a widely adopted method to lock the circuit module
with a key and prevent hackers from cracking it. The key is the critical aspect
of logic locking, but the existing works have overlooked three possible
challenges of the key: safety of key storage, easy key-attempt from interface
and key-related overheads, bringing the further challenges of low error rate
and small state space. In this work, the key is dynamically generated by
utilizing the huge space of a CPU core, and the unlocking is performed
implicitly through the interconnection inside the chip. A novel low-cost logic
reconfigurable gate is together proposed with ferroelectric FET (FeFET) to
mitigate the reverse engineering and removal attack. Compared to the common
logic locking methods, our proposed approach is 19,945 times more time
consuming to traverse all the possible combinations in only 9-bit-key
condition. Furthermore, our technique let key length increases this complexity
exponentially and ensure the logic obfuscation effect.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figure
The secreted FolAsp aspartic protease facilitates the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Pathogens utilize secretory effectors to manipulate plant defense. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease in tomatoes. We previously identified 32 secreted effector candidates by LC-MS analysis. In this study, we functionally identified one of the secreted proteins, FolAsp, which belongs to the aspartic proteases (Asp) family. The FolAsp was upregulated with host root specifically induction. Its N-terminal 1–19 amino acids performed the secretion activity in the yeast system, which supported its secretion in Fol. Phenotypically, the growth and conidia production of the FolAsp deletion mutants were not changed; however, the mutants displayed significantly reduced virulence to the host tomato. Further study revealed the FolAsp was localized at the apoplast and inhibited INF1-induced cell death in planta. Meanwhile, FolAsp could inhibit flg22-mediated ROS burst. Furthermore, FolAsp displayed protease activity on host protein, and overexpression of FolAsp in Fol enhanced pathogen virulence. These results considerably extend our understanding of pathogens utilizing secreted protease to inhibit plant defense and promote its virulence, which provides potential applications for tomato improvement against disease as the new drug target
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