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Fasa y-Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324)&#8323merupakan material konduktor superionik yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai baterai yang dapat diisi ulang (rechargeable). Ion Li ± dalam struktur y-Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324) dapat mengalami migrasi dari posisi terisi ke posisi kosong. Penelitian ini telah memodelkan migrasi ion Li+dalam struktur y-Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324)dengan menggunakan metode bond valence sum (BVS). Metode ini dapat memprediksi bilangan oksidasi suatu atom berdasarkan jarak dengan atom-atom tetangga. Source code berbasis BVS yang digunakan adalah JUMPITER yang mensimulasi efek gaya listrik eksternal yang bertindak pada ion litium sehingga nilai BVS litium dapat dipetakan terhadap jarak. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa konduksi ion Li+dapat terjadi pada arah [010], [101], dan [120]. Namun, lintasan konduksi ion Li+ lebih mudah terjadi pada arah [120] atau bidang ab dengan nilai maksimum BVS adalah 0,982. y-phase of Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324)&#8323is a lithium super ionic conductor which can be applied as a rechargeable lithium battery . Lithium ions of y-Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324) can migrate from occupied site to vacant site. In this research. simulation of Li+ ions migration in the structure of y-Li&#8322Sc&#8323(P0&#8324) carried out using bond valence sum (BVS) to predict the oxidation state of Li+ion based on the distance of the ion to neighboring atoms. BVS-based code used JUMPITER to simulate the effect of external electricalforce acting on the lithium ions to produce the lithium BVS value which can be mapped to the distance. The simulation results shows that Li+ ion conduction can be occurred on [010}. [101}. and [120} directions. However. the Li ion conduction pathway occur more easily in the direction of [120} or ab plane with the B VS maximum value is 0.982

Waste-Lithium-Liquid (WLL) Flow Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Applications

poster abstractWith using a multi-layer electrolyte that consists of one liquid electrolyte and one solid electrolyte, the choices for cathode will be dramatically widened to include solid, liquid, and gas phases. Applying this concept, gas and liquid phases have been used as cathodes to create different battery systems such as the Li-air, Li-sea water, and Li-aqueous liquid batteries. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that, by charging the cell, Li metal could be electrochemically collected from any material containing Li-ions. This idea extended to harvesting Li metal from waste Li-ion batteries, in both solid and liquid phases, that contain Li-ion sources such as the LixC6 anode, LixFePO4 cathode, and LiPF6 in the EC:DEC electrolyte. The harvested Li metal could then be an energy source for Li-Liquid flow batteries by using water as the cathode. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using waste Li-ion batteries and water for the electrodes in a Waste-Lithium-Liquid (WLL) flow battery that can be used in a stationary energy storage application. Li metal was collected electrochemically from a waste Li-ion battery containing Li-ion source materials from the battery’s anode, cathode, and electrolyte, thereby recycling the Li contained in the waste battery. The harvested Li metal in the battery system was discharged to produce the electricity by using water as the cathode. The discharge voltage of the water showed 2.7 V at 0.1 mA/cm2 versus Li metal harvested from waste Li-ion batteries, compared to 2.8 V versus fresh Li metal at the same current rate. Since the energy source for this proposed battery system is provided by waste Li-ion batteries and water, the cost of the battery dramatically decreases, which is an attractive strategy for a large size energy storage applicatio

Reflecting on eclecticism in garden heritage: the Monforte Gardens in Valencia as a case study

Los distintos estilos históricos se analizaron y recuperaron por el revisionismo historicista y el revivalismo durante el siglo XIX. La falta de un estilo propio característico en la época condujo al eclecticismo, una tendencia que consistía en fusionar diversos repertorios ornamentales. En consecuencia, el diseño ecléctico de jardines empleó estilos históricos de diversos orígenes. A medida que las ciudades crecían, los jardines suburbanos se iban integrando en la nueva trama urbana. Los Jardines de Monforte en Valencia representan un caso de estudio relevante y característico de las grandes transformaciones del diseño y desarrollo de jardines del siglo XIX. Lo más significativo son los recursos y estrategias de diseño introducidos en el diseño original por Sebastián Monléon y, posteriormente, por Javier de Winthuysen, como demuestra esta investigación, que incluye un nuevo trazado exhaustivo del jardín. Los Jardines de Monforte representan un ejemplo de diseño ecléctico de jardinería urbana en el que las diferentes partes mantienen su independencia sin perder un concepto global unitario. Aunque tradicionalmente se han considerado jardines neoclásicos, esta investigación defiende que deben considerarse propiamente jardines románticos eclécticos.Precedent historic styles were analysed and recovered by historicist revisionism and revivalism during the nineteenth century. The lack of a style of its century lead to eclecticism, a trend that involved merging diverse ornamental repertories. Accordingly, eclectic garden design emp333loyed historic styles of different origins. As the cities grew, suburban gardens were integrated within the urban sprawl. The Monforte Gardens in Valencia represent a relevant case study characteristic of nineteenth century major garden design and development transformations. Most significant are the design resources and strategies introduced in the original design by Sebastián Monléon and, subsequently by Javier de Winthuysen as this research —including a thorough redrawing of the garden layout— gives evidence of. The Monforte Gardens represent an eclectic urban gardening design example in which the different parts maintain their independence without losing an overall unitary concept. Although traditionally considered neoclassical gardens, this research argues they should be properly considered as eclectic romantic gardens

Dielectronic Recombination of Ground-State and Metastable Li+ Ions

Dielectronic recombination has been investigated for Delta-n = 1 resonances of ground-state Li+(1s^2) and for Delta-n = 0 resonances of metastable Li+(1s2s ^3S). The ground-state spectrum shows three prominent transitions between 53 and 64 eV, while the metastable spectrum exhibits many transitions with energies < 3.2 eV. Reasonably good agreement of R-matrix, LS coupling calculations with the measured recombination rate coefficient is obtained. The time dependence of the recombination rate yields a radiative lifetime of 52.2 +- 5.0 s for the 2 ^3S level of Li+.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. A; REVTeX, 4 pages, 3 figure

Integrating clinical data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Clinical trials are typically conducted over a population in order to illuminate certain characteristics of a health issue or disease process. These cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of these disease processes over a large population but do not allow us to model the temporal nature of disease. Longitudinal studies on the other hand, are used to explore how these processes develop over time but can be expensive and time-consuming, and only cover a relatively small window within the disease process. This paper explores a technique for integrating cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to build models of disease progression