Centralized systemic risk control in the interbank system: Relaxed control and Gamma-convergence

This paper studies a systemic risk control problem by the central bank, which dynamically plans monetary supply for the interbank system with borrowing and lending activities. Facing both heterogeneity among banks and the common noise, the central bank aims to find an optimal strategy to minimize the average distance between log-monetary reserves and some prescribed capital levels for all banks. A relaxed control approach is adopted, and an optimal randomized control can be obtained in the system with finite banks by applying Ekeland's variational principle. As the number of banks grows large, we further prove the convergence of optimal strategies using the Gamma-convergence arguments, which yields an optimal relaxed control in the mean field model. It is shown that the limiting optimal relaxed control is linked to a solution of a stochastic Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation. The uniqueness of the solution to the stochastic FPK equation is also established under some mild conditions.Comment: Keywords: Systemic risk; interbank system; relaxed control; mean field model; stochastic FPK equation; Gamma-convergenc

A Motif-based Mission Planning Method for UAV Swarms Considering Dynamic Reconfiguration

Influenced by complex terrain conditions of combat environments and constrained by the level of communication technology, communication among unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is greatly restricted. In light of this situation, mission planning for UAV swarms under limited communication has become a difficult problem. This paper introduces motifs as the basic unit of configuration and proposes a motif-based mission planning method considering dynamic reconfiguration. This method uses multidimensional dynamic list scheduling algorithm to generate a mission planning scheme based on the motif-based swarm configuration solution. Then it incorporates order preserved operators with NSGA-III algorithm to find Pareto front solutions of all possible mission planning schemes. The feasibility of this mission planning method is validated through a case study

Electromechanical Catastrophe

A transducer is a system that couples two loads. For example, an electromechanical transducer couples a mechanical force and an electrical voltage. A two-load, nonlinear system can exhibit rich behavior of bifurcation, which can be displayed in a three-dimensional space, with the horizontal plane representing the two loads, and the vertical axis representing the state of the system. In this three-dimensional space, a state of equilibrium at fixed loads corresponds to a point on a surface. The surface is smooth, but its projection to the load plane results in singularities of two types: fold and cusp. Here we identify the fold and cusp for a dielectric elastomer transducer by a combination of experiment and calculation. We conduct two kinds of experiment: electrical actuation under a constant force and mechanical pulling under a constant voltage. The theory and the experiment agree well. The fold and cusp are essential in the design of loading paths to avoid or harness the bifurcation.Engineering and Applied Science

Transcriptional response provides insights into the effect of chronic polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on Daphnia pulex

Abstract(#br)Nanoplastic pollution is widespread and persistent across global water systems and can cause a negative effect on aquatic organisms, especially the zooplankter which is the keystone of the food chain. The present study uses RNA sequencing to assess the global change in gene expression caused by 21 days of exposure to 75 nm polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on Daphnia pulex , a model organism for ecotoxicity . With the threshold value at P value 2, 244 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Combined with real-time PCR validation of several selected genes, our results indicated that a distinct expression profile of key genes, including downregulated trehalose transporter , trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase, chitinase and cathepsin-L as well as upregulated doublesex 1 and doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor-like protein, contributed to the toxic effects of chronic nanoplastic exposure on Daphnia , such as slowed growth, subdued reproductive ability and reproductive pattern shifting. Our study also showed that chronic exposure to nanoplastic changed the sex ratio of D. pulex neonates. By integrating the gene expression pattern in an important model organism, this study gained insight into the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect of chronic PS nanoplastic exposure on D. pulex , which may also extend to other nanoplastics or aquatic animals

Analysis Efficiency Marketing System of Fresh Layang Fish (Decapterus Russeli) on Pelabuhan Fish Auction Place in Tegal City

Marketing is an important aspect in running fishing business because it is an economic activity that influences the fluctuation of fishermen\u27s income. The production can be useless if the price is low, thus, marketing has to be good and efficient. This research is about the efficiency of the marketing system of fresh fish layang (Decapterus russeli) in the fish auction place. Specifically, this research is to know : 1) the marketing system of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 2) the marketing margin of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 3) the distribution flow of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 4) the reason fishermen sell their products in the Fish Auction Place. The method use in this research is descriptive analysis method, The registration data and literature study. Based on the analysis, it is known that the marketing system of fresh in the Fish Auction Place, seen from the marketing cost calculation, purchasing price, selling price and profit is < 1, which means efficient. And if seen from the marketing margin, the most efficient flow is channel 4 (the 4th channel). Meanwhile, the reason why fishermen sell their Fish Auction Place is because of the guarantee that their product will be sold. Fish is a product that is easily broken and rotten. Therefore, the guarantee that the product will be sold, can minimize loss risk for fisherman

Streptococcus suis contributes to inguinal lymph node lesions in piglets after highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

The swine pathogens porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis have both been reported to cause damage to the immune organs. Inguinal lymph node (ILN) injury has been reported in PRRSV-infected pigs with secondary S. suis infection, but not much is known about the mechanism. In this study, secondary S. suis infection after highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV infection caused more severe clinical symptoms, mortality, and ILN lesions. Histopathological lesions were seen in ILNs with a marked decrease in lymphocyte numbers. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated de-oxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays revealed that HP-PRRSV strain HuN4 alone induced ILN apoptosis, but dual-infection with S. suis strain BM0806 induced greater levels of apoptosis. Besides, we found that some HP-PRRSV-infected cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, anti-caspase-3 antibody staining confirmed that ILN apoptosis was mainly induced by a caspase-dependent pathway. Pyroptosis was also observed in HP-PRRSV-infected cells, and there was more pyroptosis in piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone compared with those with secondary S. suis infection, and HP-PRRSV-infected cells underwent pyroptosis. Altogether, this is the first report to identify pyroptosis in ILNs and which signaling pathway is related to ILN apoptosis in single or dual-infected piglets. These results contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms during secondary S. suis infection