A new mathematical model for radiation cell killing mechanism: Target cumulating model

There are numerous mathematical or statistical models have been given out for radiation cell killing mechanism. Unfortunately, none of the model could explain the mechanism perfectly. The more advanced model for it is still necessary to be researched. Following common assumption, a new theoretical model named "target cumulating" model is induced from the molecular and particle physics level. The result of theoretical calculation gives the equation of cell survival rate corresponding to delivered dose and other sensitivity parameters. In addition to fit the cell survival curve well, the new model showed advantages with comparing to previous models. Also, the new model predicts or explains some phenomenon that had been observed in laboratory (e.g. dose rate effect and low dose hypersensitivity)

Hybrid versus traditional cardiac rehabilitation models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The common drawbacks of standard cardiac rehabilitation (CR) models include low participation rate, high cost, and dependence on on-site exercise sessions. Therefore, hybrid CR protocols have been developed. Aim: We aimed to test whether hybrid CR models are superior or equivalent to the traditional CR models in patients after myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiac surgery, using a meta-analysis framework. Methods: Data from relevant original studies indexed in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science data­bases were extracted and analysed. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was used as a summary effect estimate, along with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Based on data from 1195 patients, the summary effect size showed similar improvement in functional capacity in hybrid and standard CR programmes (SMD = –0.04, 95% CI –0.18 to 0.09, p = 0.51). No significant difference was detected between the two models in terms of changes in exercise duration (SMD = –0.14, 95% CI –0.51 to 0.24, p = 0.47), systolic (SMD = –0.01, 95% CI –0.14 to 0.12, p = 0.91), and diastolic (SMD = –0.03, 95% CI –0.16 to 0.11, p = 0.7) blood pres­sure, or health-related quality of life (SMD = –0.08, 95% CI –0.23 to 0.07, p = 0.27). In terms of blood lipids, no significant difference was noted between hybrid and traditional CR models in all assessed lipid profile parameters, except for triglycerides (favouring the traditional CR model). Conclusions: Hybrid CR protocols showed comparable efficacy to the traditional model. Further well-designed studies are required to validate these findings, especially regarding the long-term outcomes

Nanosecond laser ablation tandem inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry for micro-chemical elemental analysis

A novel experimental system was designed for micro-chemical elemental analysis using a laser ablation technique tandem to both mass and optical emission spectrometry. One new excimer gas laser of 193 nanometer wavelength was constructed to replace the COMPexPro 102 laser unit in the RESOlution M50 laser ablation system without changing the ablation cell. The ablated mass (aerosol) was introduced into the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, i.e. Agilent 7500, where optical emission spectrometry was performed simultaneously using an Ocean Optics fiber optic spectrometer. The fiber optic spectrometer consists of six channels, which can detect the optical emission lines from plasma and cover wavelengths from 190 nm to 800 nm. Standard reference materials were measured for demonstrating the elemental analytical method. The constant LA-ICP-MS transient signals, acceptable concentration determinations of MPI DING glass ATHO or T1 samples and negligible differences of elemental fractionation due to replacement of the laser source in RESOlution M-50 suggest that our newly constructed excimer gas laser can satisfy LA-ICP-MS microchemical analysis. Furthermore, the laser ablated particle resultant inductively coupled plasma optical emission lines can be identified, and the quite good linear correlation of signals in various emission lines of the same element analysed suggests that the wavelength resolution necessary for quantitative elemental analysis by LA-ICP-OES can be achievable using a fiber optic spectrometer. Finally, based on sharing the same inductively coupled plasma configuration in our new LA-ICP-MS & OES system, the linear correlation between signals of LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-OES for the same elements can be recognized. The calibration curves for optical emission lines of element manganese, and the coefficient ratios around 0.999, suggest that the novel method of LA-ICP-MS & OES might be a feasible option for micro-chemical elemental analysis through synchronously detecting the stoichiometric composition in the laser ablated mass resultant inductively coupled plasma

Molecule Isolation Protective Interface Formed by Planar Additive for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Sodium (Na) metal is an ideal anode for Na-based batteries because of its high specific capacity and low potential. However, interface issues such as side reactions with the electrolyte and uneven deposition severely hinder its practical application. Here, we report a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) electrolyte additive with a planar molecular structure that can form a dense molecular layer when tightly adsorbed on the Na metal anode surface. Such a planar molecular layer can suppress side reactions between the anode and the electrolyte as well as homogenize Na+ flux to reduce dendrite growth. As a result, the molecular isolation interface formed by ZnPc adsorption on the surface of the Na metal anode enhances the interface stability and the cycling performance of the Na metal anode, with the average Coulombic efficiency of the half-cell of 99.95% after 350 stable cycles at 1 mA cm–2 for 1 mAh cm–2. Moreover, the assembled Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 full-cell with this additive delivers excellent stability over 120 cycles, proving the effectiveness of the ZnPc additive in practical application