Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 48. syntheses of the phosphazenium salts containing 2-pyridyl pendant arm: structural characterizations, thermal analysis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies

533-550The phosphazenium salts (protic ionic liquids, PILs/protic molten salts, PMOSs) (6a-6d and 7a) of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a) have been prepared by the reactions of the corresponding cyclotriphosphazenes with the bulky gentisic acid. The structures of the PMOS have been evaluated using the elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR data. The molecular and crystal structures of 4a and 6c are established by X-ray crystallography. The thermal properties of the PMOS are determined using TG and DTA techniques. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a-5d) and PMOSs (6a-6d and 7a) are screened against the selected bacteria and yeast strains. The antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases and the PMOSs are compared. The interactions of the phosphazenes and their salts with plasmid DNA are elucidated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The evaluations of the cytotoxic activities of these compounds are also studied against to L929 fibroblast and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 48. Syntheses of the phosphazenium salts containing 2-pyridyl pendant arm: Structural characterizations, thermal analysis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies

The phosphazenium salts (protic ionic liquids, PILs/protic molten salts, PMOSs) (6a-6d and 7a) of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a) were prepared by the reactions of the corresponding cyclotriphosphazenes with the bulky gentisic acid. The structures of the PMOS were evaluated using the elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR data. The molecular and crystal structures of 4a and 6c were established by X-ray crystallography. The thermal properties of the PMOS were determined using TG and DTA techniques. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases (4a-4d and 5a-5d) and PMOSs (6a-6d and 7a) were screened against the selected bacteria and yeast strains. The antimicrobial activities of the free phosphazene bases and the PMOSs were compared. The interactions of the phosphazenes and their salts with plasmid DNA were elucidated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The evaluations of the cytotoxic activities of these compounds were also studied against to L929 fibroblast and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).  

The Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties, Antimicrobial Activities and DNA Interactions of 4-(Fluorobenzyl)Spiro(N/O) Cyclotriphosphazenium Salts

The protic ionic liquids (PILs) (3a-3d) were synthesized from the reactions of tetraamino-4-(fluorobenzyl)spiro(N/O)cyclotriphosphazenes (2a-2d) with the gentisic acid in THF. The structures of the PILs were verified by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H, 13C {1H} and 31P {1H} NMR techniques. The thermal properties of the PILs were evaluated using TG/DTG/DTA instrument. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the PILs were examined against some bacteria and fungi, and the obtained results were compared with the evaluations of the corresponding fully substituted cyclotriphosphazene bases. The interactions between the PILs and supercoiled PBR322 DNA were also scrutinized, and it was determined that they exhibited significant conformational changes

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 42. The comparative syntheses of 2-cis-4-ansa(N/O) and spiro(N/O) cyclotetraphosphazene derivatives: spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization, antituberculosis and cytotoxic activity studies

okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695;WOS: 000468633200006The reaction of N4P4Cl8 (1) with one equimolar amount of the sodium salt of an N/O donor-type bidentate ligand (2) afforded two kinds of derivatives, namely, mono-ferrocenyl-2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa- (2,4-ansa; 3) and mono-ferrocenyl-spiro- (spiro; 4) hexachlorocyclotetraphosphazenes. The reaction yield (35%) of 4 was significantly larger than that of 3 (14%). The 2,4-ansa compound (3) was reacted with excess secondary amines to produce 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes (3a-3d). On the other hand, the spiro compound (4) gave fully substituted mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes (4a-4d) with excess monoamines as well. The tetrameric phosphazene derivatives were characterized by ESI-MS and/or HRMS, FTIR, HSQC, HMBC, H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography (for 4). It is observed that the 2,4-ansa and spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes have different thermal stabilities. Additionally, the CVs of the new mono-ferrocenyl pendant-armed cyclotetraphosphazenes revealed electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of the Fe-redox centre. The 2,4-ansa phosphazenes (3 and 3a-3d) have two different stereogenic P centers indicating that they are expected to be in racemic mixtures (RR'/SS'). The chiralities of 3a and 3c were investigated by chiral HPLC. The manuscript also deals with the antimicrobial activities against G(+)/G(-) bacteria and fungi, the interactions with plasmid DNA, the in vitro cytotoxic activities against L929 fibroblast and MCF7 breast cells, and the antituberculosis activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv of the cyclotetraphosphazenes.Scientific and Technical Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [215Z496]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project UnitHacettepe University [013 D04 602 004]; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThe authors thank the "Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey'' (Grant No. 215Z496). T.H. is grateful to Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project Unit (Grant No. 013 D04 602 004), and Z.K. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work

The reactions of N3P3Cl6 with monodentate and bidentate ligands: the syntheses and structural characterizations, in vitro antimicrobial activities, and DNA interactions of 4-fluorobenzyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazenes

okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695WOS: 000409378100006The Cl replacement reactions of 4-fluorobenzyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazene (2) with excess monoamines led to the formation of 4-fluorobenzylspiro(N/O)tetraaminocyclotriphosphazenes (2a-2d). The partly substituted dispiro 3b and dispiro 3c and fully substituted trispirocyclotriphosphazenes (trans 4a, cis 4c, 4d, and 4e) were obtained, respectively, from the reactions of 2 with one equimolar and two equimolar amounts of diamines, aminoalcohol, and diols. Although efforts were made for the separation of the cis/trans and optical isomers of the dispiro phosphazenes, only one set of diastereomers (RR/RS or SS/SR) of dispiro 3b and dispiro 3c was isolated, respectively. The P-31 NMR spectral data of the other dispiro phosphazenes were evaluated from the P-31 NMR spectra of the reaction mixtures. The reactions of 2 with excess N-methylethylenediamine gave trans 4a as a racemic mixture. While trans 4b (racemic) and cis 4b (meso) occurred from the reaction of 2 with excess N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, they were not isolated separately. Some of the phosphazenes were screened against bacteria and fungi. The activities of the compounds against anaerobic and microaerophilic gram-negative bacteria were evaluated. It was found that compounds 2, 2b, and trans 4a exhibited tolerable toxic effects on fibroblast cells and had the highest toxicity against MCF-7 cells.Ankara University Scientific Research Unit Grant [15H0430005]; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThis study was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Unit Grant No. 15H0430005. Author ZK thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 37. Syntheses and structural characterizations, biological activities of mono and bis(4-fluorobenzyl)spirocyclotetraphosphazenes

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695WOS: 000404350900068The Cl substitution reactions of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N4P4Cl8, with one equimolar amount of (4-fluorobenzyl)diamines (1-3) affords mono(4-fluorobenzyl) spirocyclotetraphosphazenes (4-6) as minor products. However, the reactions of N4P4Cl8 with two equimolar amounts of (4-fluorobenzyl) diamines (1-3) leads to the formation of mono (4-6), 2-trans-6-bis (7-9, as major products) and 2-cis-6-bis (4-fluorobenzyl) spirocyclotetraphosphazenes (10-12). The 2-cis-6-bis compounds (10 and 12) were separated and purified using column chromatography as minor products, whereas compound 11 could not be isolated. The mono-spiro (4-6) and 2-trans-6-bis-spiro (7-9) cyclotetraphosphazenes were reacted with excess pyrrolidine in THF to afford the fully substituted hexapyrrolidino (4a-6a) and tetra-pyrrolidino (7a-9a) products in high yield. Compound 9 was also reacted with piperidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD) to obtain the tetraamino products (9b, 9c and 9d), respectively, due to its very high yield. The elemental analyses, mass spectra (ESI-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and H-1, C-13{H-1}, and P-31{H-1} NMR data of the cyclotetraphosphazenes were in agreement with the suggested structures. The molecular structures of 7, 9 and 12 were established by X-ray crystallography. The antibacterial activities of the compounds against G(+) and G(-) bacteria and their antifungal activities against yeast strains were scrutinized. The results indicated that 4a and 5a were the most active compounds, especially to yeast strains. In addition, it was found that the most active compound toward DNA was 8. The cytotoxic activities of the cyclotetraphosphazenes against L929 fibroblast and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were elucidated. Compound 8a exhibited the most toxic effects against both types of cells.Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThe author Z. K. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this study

The reactions of N3P3Cl6 with monodentate and bidentate ligands: the syntheses and structural characterizations, in vitro antimicrobial activities, and DNA interactions of 4-fluorobenzyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazenes

okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695WOS: 000409378100006The Cl replacement reactions of 4-fluorobenzyl(N/O)spirocyclotriphosphazene (2) with excess monoamines led to the formation of 4-fluorobenzylspiro(N/O)tetraaminocyclotriphosphazenes (2a-2d). The partly substituted dispiro 3b and dispiro 3c and fully substituted trispirocyclotriphosphazenes (trans 4a, cis 4c, 4d, and 4e) were obtained, respectively, from the reactions of 2 with one equimolar and two equimolar amounts of diamines, aminoalcohol, and diols. Although efforts were made for the separation of the cis/trans and optical isomers of the dispiro phosphazenes, only one set of diastereomers (RR/RS or SS/SR) of dispiro 3b and dispiro 3c was isolated, respectively. The P-31 NMR spectral data of the other dispiro phosphazenes were evaluated from the P-31 NMR spectra of the reaction mixtures. The reactions of 2 with excess N-methylethylenediamine gave trans 4a as a racemic mixture. While trans 4b (racemic) and cis 4b (meso) occurred from the reaction of 2 with excess N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, they were not isolated separately. Some of the phosphazenes were screened against bacteria and fungi. The activities of the compounds against anaerobic and microaerophilic gram-negative bacteria were evaluated. It was found that compounds 2, 2b, and trans 4a exhibited tolerable toxic effects on fibroblast cells and had the highest toxicity against MCF-7 cells.Ankara University Scientific Research Unit Grant [15H0430005]; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThis study was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Unit Grant No. 15H0430005. Author ZK thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work

Effects of Boron-Based Gel on Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Breast Cancer: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of boron on radiation-induced skin reactions (RISR) in breast cancer patients. Material and methods: After 47 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma underwent radiotherapy, 23 (49%) received a boron-based gel, and 24 (51%) received placebo. Assessments were performed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) skin scale and a Five-Point Horizontal Scale (FPHS). Results: At the end of the fifth week of radiotherapy, the RTOG scores in the boron group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p = .024). The FPHS score was higher in the placebo group than in the boron group, and this difference was not statistically significant (p = .079). Conclusion: Using the RTOG scoring system, we revealed that the application of a boron-based gel diminished RISR. The mechanism of action is unclear but may be related to antioxidant, wound healing, and thermal degradation effects of boron

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. part 38. Syntheses, characterizations, cytotoxic, antituberculosis and antimicrobial activities and DNA interactions of spirocyclotetraphosphazenes with bis-ferrocenyl pendant arms

okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695; Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382WOS: 000417654800013The reactions of N4P4Cl8 (1), with two equimolar amounts of N-(1-ferrocenylmethyl)-N-methyl-propylenediamine gave the monoferrocenyl-spiro (as a byproduct), bisferrocenyl-2-trans-6-dispiro (2) and bisferrocenyl-2-cis-6-dispiro (3) cyclotetraphosphazenes. The 2-trans-6-dispiro (2) was reacted with excess monoamines to produce the tetraamino products (2a-2d). The one equimolar amount of the diamines and dialkoxides with 2 afforded the mono-diamino (2e and 2f) and mono-dialkoxy (2g and 2h) cyclotetraphosphazenes. Whereas, excess diamines and dialkoxides with 2 produced the bis-diamino (2i and 2j) and bis-dialkoxy (2k and 2l) bisferrocenyl-2-trans-6-dispirocyclotetraphosphazenes. The structures of the compounds were verified by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, FTIR, HSQC, HMBC, H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR techniques. The molecular structures of 2 and 2b were established by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2e and 2f have two stereogenic P-atoms. Additionally, the structures of 2i-2l containing tetraspiro rings in the skeletons look similar a propeller. The Fc groups of the cyclotetraphosphazenes were found to be redox active with two-reversible electron oxidations. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was examined against some bacteria and yeast strains. The interactions of the compounds with DNA revealed that the compounds caused conformational changes even strand break on super-coiled DNA helix. Furthermore, the compounds (except 2, 2a and 2d) inhibited DNA restriction indicating compounds binding to A/A and G/G nucleotides of the DNA. The evaluations of the cytotoxic activity against L929 fibroblast and DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines were carried out. Some of the compounds were evaluated for antituberculosis activity against reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and 2i and 2l displayed antituberculosis activity against H37Rv. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ankara University, Scientific Research UnitAnkara University [15H0430006]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project UnitHacettepe University [013 D04 602 004]; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThis study was supported by the "Ankara University, Scientific Research Unit" Grant No. 15H0430006. T.H. is grateful to Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project Unit (Grant No. 013 D04 602 004) and Z. K. thanks to Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work