TINDAK PIDANA PENIMBUNAN PANGAN POKOK DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PANGAN

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui  bagaimana pengaturan dakwaan penimbunan atau penimpanan pangan pokok dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 dan bagaimana pengaturan tindak pidana penimbunan atau penyimpanan pangan pokok dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Pasal 133 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 dapat menjadi dakwaan tunggal terhadap Pelaku Usaha Pangan yang menimbun/menyimpan Pangan Pokok melebihi jumlah maksimal yang mengakibatkan harga Pangan Pokok menjadi mahal/melambung tinggi; tetapi jika Pelaku Usaha Pangan tetap melanjutkan perbuatan menimbun/menyimpan itu setelah harga menjadi mahal/melambung tinggi, maka dapat disertakan Pasal 107 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014, sehingga dakwaan berbentuk dakwaan kumulatif. 2. Pasal 133 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 mengancamkan pidana terhadap Pelaku Usaha Pangan yang menimbun atau menyembunyikan Pangan Pokok (terutama beras) melebihi jumlah maksimal yang ditentukan yang mengakibatkan harga Pangan  Pokok menjadi mahal atau melambung tinggi; di mana jumlah maksimal ini. Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012, akan diatur dalam suatu Peraturan Pemerintah, dan untuk telah diterbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2015 tentang Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi, tetapi Peraturan Pemerintah ini kembali menyerahkan pengaturan jumlah maksimal tersebut kepada Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan; tetapi sampai sekarang Peraturan Menteri dimaksud belum diterbitkan.Kata kunci: Tindak Pidana, Penimbunan, Pangan Poko

Holocaust Remembrance Service 2001

Featured Speaker: Michael Lewan, Chairman, U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America\u27s Heritage Abroad, created to help preserve and protect buildings, monuments, collections and cemeteries in Eastern and Central Europe. \u27Today there exist hundreds of synagogues, churches, cemeteries, and other places in need of attention. They stand now not as a reminder of death and decay but as a testament to the strength and substance of those vital, vibrant souls that once prayed, studied, danced, and lived within their walls.\u27 -Michael [Lewan].https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/bennettcenter-posters/1211/thumbnail.jp

Celebration and the symbol of the circle

1985 Fall.It is my ambition, through art, to produce a drama of high emotions, where dancers are more icons than individuals. Integral in the depiction of this drama is the idea of Dionysiac celebration. The main concern of such celebrations is a breakdown of all ties of social rules and regulations. The Dionysiac tradition was to restore man to Nature and release man from his ego -- the dance becomes then the medium through which my icons celebrate a release in appearances. Creating icons rather than individuals releases me from the bonds of appearances in the everyday world. I believe this release from appearances lets me stand as a close and willing observer, and as an observer I am able to interpret and reflect on the processes that train me for art and life

Effects of CO2 pre-treatment at narcosis on energy charge levels in cell nuclei and whole tissue of rat liver

C02 can be used in rats and mice as an initial anaesthetic in order to facilitate handling and reduce stress before injections or other kinds of treatment of short duration. Interference with physiological conditions like the energy status of the tissue may reduce its suitability. The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effect of C02 treatment of rats on energy charge values in their livers.Rats were anaesthetized with either Briethal (methohexital) alone or C02 + Briethal for 4-5 minutes or C02 + Mebumal (pentobarbital) for 15 minutes and energy charge values were determined in samples from whole liver and in liver celle nuclei, isolated by a non-aqueous method. C02 caused a significant decrease in energy charge which was detected after the short narcosis of 4—5 minutes. After 15 minutes the values had recovered. Energy charge was similar in whole tissue and cell nuclei

Improved descriptions of soil hydrology in crop models: The elephant in the room?

Soil-crop simulation models are widely used to assess the impacts of soil management and climate change on soil water balance, solute transport and crop production. In this context, it is important that hydrological processes in the soil-crop system are accurately modelled. We suggest here that empirical treatments of soil water flow, water uptake by plant mots and transpiration limit the applicability of crop models and increase prediction errors. We further argue that this empiricism is to a large extent unnecessary, as parsimonious physics-based descriptions of these water flow processes in the soil-crop system are now available. Recent reviews and opinion articles, whilst strongly advocating the need for improvements to crop models, fail to mention the significant role played by accurate treatments of soil hydrology. It seems to us that empirical models of soil water flow have become the elephant in the room

Study of Management Congruence as Related to Distinctiveness in Small Private Liberal Arts Colleges in the United States

Higher Educatio

Impact of spatial soil and climate input data aggregation on regional yield simulations

We show the error in water-limited yields simulated by crop models which is associated with spatially aggregated soil and climate input data. Crop simulations at large scales (regional, national, continental) frequently use input data of low resolution. Therefore, climate and soil data are often generated via averaging and sampling by area majority. This may bias simulated yields at large scales, varying largely across models. Thus, we evaluated the error associated with spatially aggregated soil and climate data for 14 crop models. Yields of winter wheat and silage maize were simulated under water-limited production conditions. We calculated this error from crop yields simulated at spatial resolutions from 1 to 100 km for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Most models showed yields biased by <15% when aggregating only soil data. The relative mean absolute error (rMAE) of most models using aggregated soil data was in the range or larger than the inter-annual or inter-model variability in yields. This error increased further when both climate and soil data were aggregated. Distinct error patterns indicate that the rMAE may be estimated from few soil variables. Illustrating the range of these aggregation effects across models, this study is a first step towards an ex-ante assessment of aggregation errors in large-scale simulations

Aggregation of soil and climate input data can underestimate simulated biomass loss and nitrate leaching under climate change

Predicting areas of severe biomass loss and increased N leaching risk under climate change is critical for applying appropriate adaptation measures to support more sustainable agricultural systems. The frequency of annual severe biomass loss for winter wheat and its coincidence with an increase in N leaching in a temperate region in Germany was estimated including the error from using soil and climate input data at coarser spatial scales, using the soil-crop model CoupModel. We ran the model for a reference period (1980-2010) and used climate data predicted by four climate model(s) for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. The annual median biomass estimations showed that for the period 2070-2100, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the entire region would suffer from severe biomass loss almost every year. Annual incidence of severe biomass loss and increased N leaching was predicted to increase from RCP4.5 to the 8.5 scenario. During 2070-2100 for RCP8.5, in more than half of the years an area of 95% of the region was projected to suffer from both severe biomass loss and increased N leaching. The SPEI3 predicted a range of 32 (P3 RCP4.5) to 55% (P3 RCP8.5) of the severe biomass loss episodes simulated in the climate change scenarios. The simulations predicted more severe biomass losses than by the SPEI index which indicates that soil water deficits are important in determining crop losses in future climate scenarios. There was a risk of overestimating the area where "no severe biomass loss + increased N leaching" occurred when using coarser aggregated input data. In contrast, underestimation of situations where "severe biomass loss + increased N leaching" occurred when using coarser aggregated input data. Larger annual differences in biomass estimations compared to the finest resolution of input data occurred when aggregating climate input data rather than soil data. The differences were even larger when aggregating both soil and climate input data. In half of the region, biomass could be erroneously estimated in a single year by more than 40% if using soil and climate coarser input data. The results suggest that a higher spatial resolution of especially climate input data would be needed to predict reliably annual estimates of severe biomass loss and N leaching under climate change scenarios

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is related to protein signaling involved in glucose homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner

Vitamin D has been suggested to play a role in glucose metabolism. However, previous findings are contradictory and mechanistic pathways remain unclear. We examined the relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin sensitivity, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Seventeen healthy adults (Body mass index: 26 ± 4; Age: 30 ± 12 years) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and resting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies. In this cohort, the plasma 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.19, p = 0.56). However, higher plasma 25(OH)D concentrations correlated with lower phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) αSer21 and βSer9 in skeletal muscle (r = −0.66, p = 0.015 and r = −0.53, p = 0.06, respectively) and higher GSK-3 αSer21 and βSer9 phosphorylation in adipose tissue (r = 0.82, p < 0.01 and r = 0.62, p = 0.042, respectively). Furthermore, higher plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with greater phosphorylation of both protein kinase-B (AktSer473) (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1Ser312) (r = 0.71, p = 0.01) in adipose tissue. No associations were found between plasma 25(OH)D concentration and IRS-1Tyr612 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The divergent findings between muscle and adipose tissue with regard to the association between 25(OH)D and insulin signaling proteins may suggest a tissue-specific interaction with varying effects on glucose homeostasis. Further research is required to elucidate the physiological relevance of 25(OH)D in each tissu