407 research outputs found
WFPC2 Observations of the Hubble Deep Field-South
The Hubble Deep Field-South observations targeted a high-galactic-latitude
field near QSO J2233-606. We present WFPC2 observations of the field in four
wide bandpasses centered at roughly 300, 450, 606, and 814 nm. Observations,
data reduction procedures, and noise properties of the final images are
discussed in detail. A catalog of sources is presented, and the number counts
and color distributions of the galaxies are compared to a new catalog of the
HDF-N that has been constructed in an identical manner. The two fields are
qualitatively similar, with the galaxy number counts for the two fields
agreeing to within 20%. The HDF-S has more candidate Lyman-break galaxies at z
> 2 than the HDF-N. The star-formation rate per unit volume computed from the
HDF-S, based on the UV luminosity of high-redshift candidates, is a factor of
1.9 higher than from the HDF-N at z ~ 2.7, and a factor of 1.3 higher at z ~ 4.Comment: 93 pages, 25 figures; contains very long table
Piecing Together the American Voting Puzzle: How Votersâ Personalities and Judgments of Issue Importance Mattered in the 2016 Presidential Election
In the wake of the 2016 election, which surprised pundits and voters on both the left and the right, there has been renewed interest in understanding what predicts American votersâ choices. In this article, we investigate the roles of personality and issue importance in how people voted in the 2016 U.S. election. In this longitudinal study of 403 MTurk workers who voted in the election, we assessed the relations between personality (openness, social dominance orientation, and national identity importance) and issue importance (group rights and social justice, economic rights, and individual and national rights), and voting for Clinton or Trump. Our results indicate that both individual differences and issue importance as measured in July 2016 predicted votes in November. We also found that the links between personality and voting were mediated by issue importance. Implications for political psychology and the study of personality, campaign issues, and voting behavior are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146841/1/asap12157.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146841/2/asap12157_am.pd
The Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula Cluster
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula Cluster
has used 104 orbits of HST time to image the Great Orion Nebula region with the
Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), the Wide-Field/Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2)
and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi Object Spectrograph (NICMOS) instruments
in 11 filters ranging from the U-band to the H-band equivalent of HST. The
program has been intended to perform the definitive study of the stellar
component of the ONC at visible wavelengths, addressing key questions like the
cluster IMF, age spread, mass accretion, binarity and cirumstellar disk
evolution. The scanning pattern allowed to cover a contiguous field of
approximately 600 square arcminutes with both ACS and WFPC2, with a typical
exposure time of approximately 11 minutes per ACS filter, corresponding to a
point source depth AB(F435W) = 25.8 and AB(F775W)=25.2 with 0.2 magnitudes of
photometric error. We describe the observations, data reduction and data
products, including images, source catalogs and tools for quick look preview.
In particular, we provide ACS photometry for 3399 stars, most of them detected
at multiple epochs, WFPC2 photometry for 1643 stars, 1021 of them detected in
the U-band, and NICMOS JH photometry for 2116 stars. We summarize the early
science results that have been presented in a number of papers. The final set
of images and the photometric catalogs are publicly available through the
archive as High Level Science Products at the STScI Multimission Archive hosted
by the Space Telescope Science Institute.Comment: Accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Series, March 27, 201
Personalised service? Changing the role of the government librarian
Investigates the feasibility of personalised information service in a government department. A qualitative methodology explored stakeholder opinions on the remit, marketing, resourcing and measurement of the service. A questionnaire and interviews gathered experiences of personalised provision across the government sector. Potential users were similarly surveyed to discuss how the service could meet their needs. Data were analysed using coding techniques to identify emerging theory. Lessons learned from government librarians centred on clarifying requirements, balancing workloads and selective marketing. The user survey showed low usage and awareness of existing specialist services, but high levels of need and interest in services repackaged as a tailored offering. Fieldwork confirmed findings from the literature on the scope for adding value through information management advice, information skills training and substantive research assistance and the need to understand business processes and develop effective partnerships. Concluding recommendations focus on service definition, strategic marketing, resource utilisation and performance measurement
Assessing the Sociology of Sport on Changing Masculinities and Homophobia
Sport sociology has been intricately tied with the \ud
study of masculinities since the early 1990s \ud
in the West. The field was first established in exa\ud
mining white male athlete’s masculinity, \ud
particularly noting its root in homophobia in the f\ud
orging of a hegemonic form of masculinity. \ud
However, contemporary masculinity scholarship shows\ud
a changed relationship between \ud
men’s masculinity and hegemonic dominance. Current \ud
research examines men’s \ud
masculinities in an era of decreased homohysteria, \ud
finding teamsport athletes inclusive of \ud
homosexuality. This simultaneously permits heterose\ud
xual men to live within greatly \ud
expanded gender terrains. The challenge for sport s\ud
ociologist concerned with masculinities \ud
today, is to expand the locus of investigation to t\ud
he intersectional demographics of varying \ud
races, geographical locations, religious beliefs, a\ud
ge and other important demographics
The Hubble Deep Field: Observations, Data Reduction, and Galaxy Photometry
The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is a Director's Discretionary program on HST in
Cycle 5 to image an undistinguished field at high Galactic latitude in four
passbands as deeply as reasonably possible. These images provide the most
detailed view to date of distant field galaxies and are likely to be important
for a wide range of studies in galaxy evolution and cosmology. In order to
optimize observing in the time available, a field in the northern continuous
viewing zone was selected and images were taken for ten consecutive days, or
approximately 150 orbits. Shorter 1-2 orbit images were obtained of the fields
immediately adjacent to the primary HDF in order to facilitate spectroscopic
follow-up by ground-based telescopes. The observations were made from 18 to 30
December 1995, and both raw and reduced data have been put in the public domain
as a community service.
We present a summary of the criteria for selecting the field, the rationale
behind the filter selection and observing times in each band, and the
strategies for planning the observations to maximize the exposure time while
avoiding earth-scattered light. Data reduction procedures are outlined, and
images of the combined frames in each band are presented. Objects detected in
these images are listed in a catalog with their basic photometric parameters.Comment: 37 pages, XX PostScript figures, uses aaspp4.sty astrobib.sty.
(Astrobib is available from http://www.stsci.edu/software/TeX.html .) To
appear the Astronomical Journal. More info on the Hubble deep field can be
found at http://www.stsci.edu/../ftp/observer/hdf/hdf.html . More figures
(images) can be found at
http://www.stsci.edu/../ftp/observer/hdf/references/williams/ and the full
source catalog is available at
http://www.stsci.edu/../ftp/observer/hdf/archive/v2catalog
Coordinated optimization of visual cortical maps (I) Symmetry-based analysis
In the primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores, functional
architecture can be characterized by maps of various stimulus features such as
orientation preference (OP), ocular dominance (OD), and spatial frequency. It
is a long-standing question in theoretical neuroscience whether the observed
maps should be interpreted as optima of a specific energy functional that
summarizes the design principles of cortical functional architecture. A
rigorous evaluation of this optimization hypothesis is particularly demanded by
recent evidence that the functional architecture of OP columns precisely
follows species invariant quantitative laws. Because it would be desirable to
infer the form of such an optimization principle from the biological data, the
optimization approach to explain cortical functional architecture raises the
following questions: i) What are the genuine ground states of candidate energy
functionals and how can they be calculated with precision and rigor? ii) How do
differences in candidate optimization principles impact on the predicted map
structure and conversely what can be learned about an hypothetical underlying
optimization principle from observations on map structure? iii) Is there a way
to analyze the coordinated organization of cortical maps predicted by
optimization principles in general? To answer these questions we developed a
general dynamical systems approach to the combined optimization of visual
cortical maps of OP and another scalar feature such as OD or spatial frequency
preference.Comment: 90 pages, 16 figure
On the Black-Hole/Qubit Correspondence
The entanglement classification of four qubits is related to the extremal
black holes of the 4-dimensional STU model via a time-like reduction to three
dimensions. This correspondence is generalised to the entanglement
classification of a very special four-way entanglement of eight qubits and the
black holes of the maximally supersymmetric N = 8 and exceptional magic N = 2
supergravity theories.Comment: 32 pages, very minor changes at the start of Sec. 4.1. Version to
appear in The European Physical Journal - Plu
Self-organization and the selection of pinwheel density in visual cortical development
Self-organization of neural circuitry is an appealing framework for
understanding cortical development, yet its applicability remains unconfirmed.
Models for the self-organization of neural circuits have been proposed, but
experimentally testable predictions of these models have been less clear. The
visual cortex contains a large number of topological point defects, called
pinwheels, which are detectable in experiments and therefore in principle well
suited for testing predictions of self-organization empirically. Here, we
analytically calculate the density of pinwheels predicted by a pattern
formation model of visual cortical development. An important factor controlling
the density of pinwheels in this model appears to be the presence of non-local
long-range interactions, a property which distinguishes cortical circuits from
many nonliving systems in which self-organization has been studied. We show
that in the limit where the range of these interactions is infinite, the
average pinwheel density converges to . Moreover, an average pinwheel
density close to this value is robustly selected even for intermediate
interaction ranges, a regime arguably covering interaction-ranges in a wide
range of different species. In conclusion, our paper provides the first direct
theoretical demonstration and analysis of pinwheel density selection in models
of cortical self-organization and suggests to quantitatively probe this type of
prediction in future high-precision experiments.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure
Gender and sexual orientation differences in cognition across adulthood : age is kinder to women than to men regardless of sexual orientation
Despite some evidence of greater age-related deterioration of the brain in males than in females, gender differences in rates of cognitive aging have proved inconsistent. The present study employed web-based methodology to collect data from people aged 20-65 years (109,612 men; 88,509 women). As expected, men outperformed women on tests of mental rotation and line angle judgment, whereas women outperformed men on tests of category fluency and object location memory. Performance on all tests declined with age but significantly more so for men than for women. Heterosexuals of each gender generally outperformed bisexuals and homosexuals on tests where that gender was superior; however, there were no clear interactions between age and sexual orientation for either gender. At least for these particular tests from young adulthood to retirement, age is kinder to women than to men, but treats heterosexuals, bisexuals, and homosexuals just the same
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