CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y MOLECULAR DE GENOTIPOS MEJORADOS DE CAMOTE (Ipomoea batatas L.) PARA ECOSISTEMAS ÁRIDO-SALINO-BÓRICOS

El camote (Ipomoea batatas L) es un cultivo de importancia agronómica y social por sus múltiples aplicaciones para la alimentación humana, agroindustria y como forraje para el ganado, por lo que resulta de gran interés generar nuevos genotipos superiores, que contribuyan a combatir el hambre o la desnutrición en las zonas de mayor necesidad del Tercer Mundo. En el presente trabajo de investigación se han caracterizado a clones élites y variedades mejoradas, adaptadas a las condiciones árido—salino—bóricas de la costa del Pacífico Sur de Sudamérica. El proceso se inició con una caracterización morfológica del follaje y de las raíces reservantes de los genotipos en estudio; luego, una evaluación de sus principales atributos agronómicos, su reacción frente al Virus del Moteado Plumoso del Camote (SPFMY) bajo condiciones de campo, así como su rendimiento, tolerancia al frío y resistencia a otras condiciones de estrés abiótico, cultivados en suelos árido-salino-bóricos. Finalmente, se realizó una caracterización molecular mediante la técnica del AFLP. Estos datos fueron analizados con el software NTSYS, obteniendo dendogramas en los que se demostró que todos los genotipos tienen un coeficiente de similaridad menor a 1 (uno), lo que significa que los genotipos en estudio son diferentes y distintivos, lográndose diferenciar claramente entre ellos, mostrando una gran diversidad genética interclonal. Asimismo, estos resultados brindan información que puede ser usada para los registros internacionales de patentes de clones y variedades mejoradas

Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Background Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged ≥18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients’ preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513. Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53–2·26; ARRadj –4·4%, 95% CI –5·5 to –3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15–1·49; ARRadj –2·6%, 95% CI –3·9 to –1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07–1·41; –1·9%, –3·2 to –0·7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85–1·25; ARRadj –0·3%, 95% CI –2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82–1·31; –0·4%, –3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes. Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications