Comprendre l'influence de la gestion durable des ressources humaines sur la performance des projets de construction : le cas de la Libye

RÉSUMÉ : Cette recherche examine l'influence de la gestion durable des ressources humaines (GDRH) sur la performance des projets de construction en Libye. La GDRH joue un rôle crucial dans le succès des projets de construction, et cette étude se penche sur les pratiques de GDRH durables susceptibles d'améliorer la performance globale des entreprises impliquées dans la gestion de projets. La littérature suggère que des pratiques de GDRH durables peuvent stimuler l'engagement et la productivité des employés, améliorer la qualité du travail, renforcer la communication et la collaboration entre les équipes, contribuant ainsi au succès des projets de construction. La recherche étudie trois entreprises de construction en Libye. Quinze participants ont été interviewés pour recueillir leurs points de vue sur les pratiques de GDRH mises en œuvre dans leur organisation et leur impact sur la performance des projets. La méthodologie qualitative repose sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec les participants. La méthode d'échantillonnage boule de neige a été utilisée pour recruter les participants, permettant d'obtenir un aperçu global des pratiques de GDRH dans différentes entreprises de construction en Libye. Les résultats indiquent que les entreprises à l'étude mettent en place diverses pratiques de GDRH pour attirer, développer et motiver leurs employés. Les exemples concrets de réussites comprennent des programmes de formation et de développement, des initiatives de conciliation travail-vie personnelle, ainsi que des systèmes de reconnaissance et de récompenses pour les performances exceptionnelles. Cependant, des défis ont également été relevés par les participants, tels que la gestion des contrats à court terme pouvant affecter la stabilité et la motivation des employés. Des améliorations sont suggérées, notamment en matière de communication et de transparence au sein des organisations. En conclusion, cette recherche souligne l'importance de la gestion durable des ressources humaines dans le secteur de la construction en Libye. Des pratiques de GDRH efficaces peuvent influencer positivement la performance des projets en favorisant l'engagement et la productivité des employés. Toutefois, relever les défis identifiés et adopter des stratégies d'amélioration continue des pratiques de GDRH est essentiel pour maximiser ces bénéfices. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Gestion durable des ressources humaines, performance des projets, construction, Libye, pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, engagement des employés, motivation des employés. -- ABSTRACT : This research examines the influence of Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) on the performance of construction projects in Libya. SHRM plays a crucial role in the success of construction projects, and this study focuses on sustainable SHRM practices that can enhance the overall performance of companies involved in project management. The literature suggests that sustainable SHRM practices can boost employee engagement and productivity, improve work quality, strengthen communication and collaboration among teams, thereby contributing to the success of construction projects. The study investigates three construction companies in Libya. Fifteen participants were interviewed to gather their insights on the SHRM practices implemented in their organizations and their impact on project performance. The qualitative methodology is based on semi-structured interviews with the participants. The snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants, enabling a comprehensive overview of SHRM practices in different construction companies in Libya. The results indicate that the studied companies have implemented various SHRM practices to attract, develop, and motivate their employees. Concrete examples of successes include training and development programs, work-life balance initiatives, as well as recognition and rewards systems for outstanding performance. However, challenges were also identified by the participants, such as managing short-term contracts that may affect employee stability and motivation. Improvements are suggested, particularly in the areas of communication and transparency within the organizations. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of Sustainable Human Resource Management in the construction sector in Libya. Effective SHRM practices can positively influence project performance by fostering employee engagement and productivity. Nevertheless, addressing the identified challenges and adopting strategies for continuous improvement of SHRM practices are essential to maximize these benefits. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Sustainable Human Resource Management, project performance, construction, Libya, HR practices, employee engagement, employee motivation

Nonlinear transmission through a tapered fiber in rubidium vapor

Sub-wavelength diameter tapered optical fibers surrounded by rubidium vapor can undergo a substantial decrease in transmission at high atomic densities due to the accumulation of rubidium atoms on the surface of the fiber. Here we demonstrate the ability to control these changes in transmission using light guided within the taper. We observe transmission through a tapered fiber that is a nonlinear function of the incident power. This effect can also allow a strong control beam to change the transmission of a weak probe beam.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Attitudes and perceptions regarding entrepreneurship around the world : a cluster analysis approach

Nowadays it is believed that entrepreneurship could be a driving force in growth and develop-ment. For the achievement of a relevant national entrepreneurship rate the social and economic business environment can be crucial. However, despite the international attention given to entrepreneurship, it is not known if it is a global phenomenon or if there are particular regions where the entrepreneurial activity is specially recognized by society. Applying cluster analysis statistical techniques to a dataset gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and that includes, in 2010, 59 countries this paper intends to identify groups of countries with the same population attitude and perception regarding entrepreneurship

Attitudes and perceptions regarding entrepreneurship around the world : a cluster analysis approach

Nowadays it is believed that entrepreneurship could be a driving force in growth and development. For the achievement of a relevant national entrepreneurship rate the social and economic business environment can be crucial. However, despite the international attention given to entrepreneurship, it is not known if it is a global phenomenon or if there are particular regions where the entrepreneurial activity is specially recognized by society. Applying cluster analysis statistical techniques to a dataset gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and that includes, in 2010, 59 countries this paper intends to identify groups of countries with the same population attitude and perception regarding entrepreneurship

Financial and actuarial derivatives pricing with self-exciting processes

Self-exciting point processes such as Hawkes processes, describe random sequences of events where the occurrence of an event increases the likelihood of further events occurring. With the upsurge of shocking event like the financial crisis of 2008, and recently, the COVID-19 pandemic or the war in Ukraine, self-exciting point processes have grown in popularity in the finance and actuarial literature as a tool to create clusters in time events. In most cases, these sudden events trigger a series of movements in stock prices, and defaults on commitments over a period of time before returning to normal. This thesis focuses on the modelling of interbank rates and stock prices, the pricing of their derivatives and the valuation of variable annuities in the presence of such shock contagion. This thesis therefore builds on existing frameworks and extends them by proposing Hawkes diffusion frameworks that can be driven by a Markov chain or allow for a long memory of past events.(SC - Sciences) -- UCL, 202

Affine Heston model style with self-exciting jumps and long memory

Classic diffusion processes fail to explain asset return volatility. Many empirical findings on asset return time series, such as heavy tails, skewness and volatility clustering, suggest decomposing the volatility of an asset’s return into two components, one caused by a Brownian motion and another by a jump process. We analyze the sensitivity of European call options to memory and self-excitation parameters, underlying price, volatility and jump risks. We expand Heston’s stochastic volatility model by adding to the instantaneous asset prices, a jump component driven by a Hawkes process with a kernel function or memory kernel that is a Fourier transform of a probability measure. This kernel function defines the memory of the asset price process. For instance, if it is fast decreasing, the contagion effect between asset price jumps is limited in time. Otherwise, the processes remember the history of asset price jumps for a long period. To investigate the impact of different rates of decay or types of memory, we consider four probability measures: Laplace, Gaussian, Logistic and Cauchy. Unlike Hawkes processes with exponential kernels, the Markov property is lost but stationarity is preserved; this ensures that the unconditional expected arrival rate of the jump does not explode. In the absence of the Markov property, we use the Fourier transform representation to derive a closed form expression of a European call option price based on characteristic functions. A numerical illustration shows that our extension of the Heston model achieves a better fit of the Euro Stoxx 50 option data than the standard version

Affine Heston model style with self-exciting jumps and long memory

Classic diffusion processes fail to explain asset return volatility. Many empirical findings on asset return time series, such as heavy tails, skewness and volatility clustering, suggest decomposing the volatility of an asset’s return into two components, one caused by a Brownian motion and another by a jump process. We analyze the sensitivity of European call options to memory and self-excitation parameters, underlying price, volatility and jump risks. We expand Heston’s stochastic volatility model by adding to the instantaneous asset prices, a jump component driven by a Hawkes process with a kernel function or memory kernel that is a Fourier transform of a probability measure. This kernel function defines the memory of the asset price process. For instance, if it is fast decreasing, the contagion effect between asset price jumps is limited in time. Otherwise, the processes remember the history of asset price jumps for a long period. To investigate the impact of different rates of decay or types of memory, we consider four probability measures: Laplace, Gaussian, Logistic and Cauchy. Unlike Hawkes processes with exponential kernels, the Markov property is lost but stationarity is preserved; this ensures that the unconditional expected arrival rate of the jump does not explode. In the absence of the Markov property, we use the Fourier transform representation to derive a closed form expression of a European call option price based on characteristic functions. A numerical illustration shows that our extension of the Heston model achieves a better fit of the Euro Stoxx 50 option data than the standard version