Chiral symmetry breaking in a uniform external magnetic field II. Symmetry restoration at high temperatures and chemical potentials

Chiral symmetry is dynamically broken in quenched, ladder QED at weak gauge couplings when an external magnetic field is present. In this paper, we show that chiral symmetry is restored above a critical chemical potential and the corresponding phase transition is of first order. In contrast, the chiral symmetry restoration at high temperatures (and at zero chemical potential) is a second order phase transition.Comment: Latex; 12 pages; 8 postscript figures include

Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method.

We have carried out a rigorous H-field-based full-vectorial modal analysis and used it to characterize, more accurately, the abrupt dielectric discontinuity of a high index contrast optical waveguide. The full-vectorial H and E fields and the Poynting vector profiles are described in detail. It has been shown through this work that the mode profile of a circular silicon nanowire is not circular and also contains a strong axial field component. The single-mode operation, vector field profiles, modal hybridness, modal ellipticity, and group velocity dispersion of this silicon nanowire are also presented

Electron Mass Operator in a Strong Magnetic Field and Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

The electron mass operator in a strong magnetic field is calculated. The contribution of higher Landau levels of virtual electrons, along with the ground Landau level, is shown to be essential in the leading log approximation. The effect of the electron dynamical mass generation by a magnetic field is investigated. In a model with N charged fermions, it is shown that some critical number N_{cr} exists for any value of the electromagnetic coupling constant alpha, such that the fermion dynamical mass is generated with a doublet splitting for N < N_{cr}, and the dynamical mass does not arise at all for N > N_{cr}, thus leaving the chiral symmetry unbroken.Comment: 4 pages, REVTEX4, 3 figure

Interplay between multiple scattering, emission, and absorption of light in the phosphor of a white light-emitting diode

We study light transport in phosphor plates of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We measure the broadband diffuse transmission through phosphor plates of varying YAG:Ce$^{3+}$ density. We distinguish the spectral ranges where absorption, scattering, and re-emission dominate. Using diffusion theory, we derive the transport and absorption mean free paths from first principles. We find that both transport and absorption mean free paths are on the order of the plate thickness. This means that phosphors in commercial LEDs operate well within an intriguing albedo range around 0.7. We discuss how salient parameters that can be derived from first principles control the optical properties of a white LED.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Perturbative Approach to the Quasinormal Modes of Dirty Black Holes

Using a recently developed perturbation theory for uasinormal modes (QNM's), we evaluate the shifts in the real and imaginary parts of the QNM frequencies due to a quasi-static perturbation of the black hole spacetime. We show the perturbed QNM spectrum of a black hole can have interesting features using a simple model based on the scalar wave equation.Comment: Published in PR

Predicting phase transition pressure in solids: a semiclassical possibility

This is a short review of the physical ideas,algorithm for calculations and some results of a semiclassical theory of the behaviour of materials under high pressure,proposed by P.Savic and R.Kasanin.The theory has found applications from DAC experiments to studies of planetary interior structure.Comment: PDF file,no figure

Small-molecule suppressors of proteoglycan catabolism in degenerative disc cells

INTRODUCTION: Proteoglycans (PGs) occupy the predominant extracellular matrix (ECM) components in cartilages and intervertebral discs (IVDs). Large numbers of compositional glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) render PG highly hydrophilic for providing water retention capacity and swelling pressure to the connective tissues to neutralize the axial mechanical loads [1]. Its loss of content is tightly associated with the tissue degeneration. In the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a reduction of PGs in central gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) was characterized as the first event, which consequently leads to a replacement of fibrocartilaginous ...postprin

Z Boson Propagator Correction in Technicolor Theories with ETC Effects Included

We calculate the Z boson propagator correction, as described by the S parameter, in technicolor theories with extended technicolor interactions included. Our method is to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the requisite current-current correlation functions. Our results suggest that the inclusion of extended technicolor interactions has a relatively small effect on S.Comment: 15pages, 8 figure

Fog Radio Access Networks: Mobility management, interference mitigation and resource optimization

In order to make Internet connections ubiquitous and autonomous in our daily lives, maximizing the utilization of radio resources and social information is one of the major research topics in future mobile communication technologies. Fog radio access network (FRAN) is regarded as a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. FRAN integrates fog computing with RAN and makes full use of the edge of networks. FRAN would be different in networking, computing, storage and control as compared with conventional radio access networks (RAN) and the emerging cloud RAN. In this article, we provide a description of the FRAN architecture, and discuss how the distinctive characteristics of FRAN make it possible to efficiently alleviate the burden on the fronthaul, backhaul and backbone networks, as well as reduce content delivery latencies. We will focus on the mobility management, interference mitigation, and resource optimization in FRAN. Our simulation results show that the proposed FRAN architecture and the associated mobility and resource management mechanisms can reduce the signaling cost and increase the net utility for the RAN

Matrix metalloproteinase MMP12 is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration

INTRODUCTION: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with low back pain. However, the molecular changes during the degeneration process is not entirely clear. The loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) integrity is one of the early events of the degeneration. Chondrogenic markers, such as SOX9 and aggrecan, have been commonly used to assess the degree of IVD degeneration. Recent transcriptomic studies have proposed several other candidates that may mark IVD degeneration. These include cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix gla protein (MGP)[1], fibulin 1 (FBLN1) [2], cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) [3], cadherin-2 (CDH2) [3], cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) [2], and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) [4]. Studies also demonstrated that degenerated NP attains a fibrocartilaginous phenotype [5,6] with increased ...postprin