3,408 research outputs found
Tourism's Forward and Backward Linkages
This paper proposes âlinkage analysisâ as a complement to the traditional âtourism impact analysisâ to examine tourismâs economic imprints on a destinationâs economy. Although related, the two methods are not the same. The starting point of tourism âimpact analysisâ is âfinal demandâ; impact analysis measures the direct and indirect impacts of tourist spending on the local economy. By contrast, the starting point of âlinkage analysisâ is the tourism sector; the analysis examines the strengths of the inter-sectoral forward (FL) and backward (BL) relationships between the tourism sector and the non-tourism industries in the rest of the economy. The FL measures the relative importance of the tourism sector as supplier to the other (non-tourism) industries in the economy whereas the BL measures its relative importance as demander. Directly applying conventional linkage analysis to tourism is not straightforward because tourism is not a defined industry. Thus we develop a methodology to calculate tourismâs forward and backward linkages using information from national, regional, or local input-output tables and demonstrate its utility by applying it to Hawaii.
Validation of a 1D Algorithm That Measures Pulse Wave Velocity to Estimate Compliance in Blood Vessels
The purpose of this research is to determine if it is possible to validate the new 1D method for measuring pulse wave velocity in the aorta in vivo and estimate compliance. Arterial pressure and blood flow characterize the traveling of blood from the heart to the arterial system and have played a significant role in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Blood vessel distensibility can give some information on the evolution of cardiovascular disease. A patientâs aorta cannot be explanted to measure compliance; therefore we are using a flow phantom model to validate the 1D pulse wave velocity technique to estimate compliance
The role of the state in Vietnamâs economic transition
This paper discusses Vietnamâs economic development for the three decades since the early 1980s, and the changing role that the state played in this process. The success of the first major liberalization step (Doi Moi ) is attributed, in large part, to the microeconomic/structural reforms that occurred throughout the 1980s and to the confluence of economics and politics. This did not continue into the second half of the 1990s when reforms stalled. Since the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98, the pace of reforms has accelerated. This paper argues that, for the reforms to be effective, the state has to be viewed as performing a catalytic role whilst permitting the private
sector to contribute directly to economic growth
Trade union strategy in Sydney's construction union: a Roman Catholic perspective
Rudd Government ministers have talked tough towards the more militant Australian trade unions since coming to office in November 2007. However, despite this, it is still fair to say that the removal of the Howard-Costello Government reduced neo-liberal hegemony by altering the invisible balance of power between capital and labour in the construction industry. Using a set of case studies, based on data obtained from fieldwork at the New South Wales, Australia branch of the Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), we document key elements of union strategy at the branch level in the year immediately after the removal of the Howard-Costello Government. A key aspect of branch level strategy was building site visits by a team of organisers, led by the divisional state secretary, designed to rebuild influence on site and reconnect with workers. Furthermore, the CFMEUâs hiring of foreign language speaking organisers and production of foreign language publications is a praiseworthy attempt to reach out to ethnic minority workers and bring them under the âmainstreamâ union umbrella. We use a theory framework of Roman Catholic social teaching to frame our discussions
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Broad and thematic remodeling of the surfaceome and glycoproteome on isogenic cells transformed with driving proliferative oncogenes.
The cell surface proteome, the surfaceome, is the interface for engaging the extracellular space in normal and cancer cells. Here we apply quantitative proteomics of N-linked glycoproteins to reveal how a collection of some 700 surface proteins is dramatically remodeled in an isogenic breast epithelial cell line stably expressing any of six of the most prominent proliferative oncogenes, including the receptor tyrosine kinases, EGFR and HER2, and downstream signaling partners such as KRAS, BRAF, MEK, and AKT. We find that each oncogene has somewhat different surfaceomes, but the functions of these proteins are harmonized by common biological themes including up-regulation of nutrient transporters, down-regulation of adhesion molecules and tumor suppressing phosphatases, and alteration in immune modulators. Addition of a potent MEK inhibitor that blocks MAPK signaling brings each oncogene-induced surfaceome back to a common state reflecting the strong dependence of the oncogene on the MAPK pathway to propagate signaling. Cell surface protein capture is mediated by covalent tagging of surface glycans, yet current methods do not afford sequencing of intact glycopeptides. Thus, we complement the surfaceome data with whole cell glycoproteomics enabled by a recently developed technique called activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD). We found massive oncogene-induced changes to the glycoproteome and differential increases in complex hybrid glycans, especially for KRAS and HER2 oncogenes. Overall, these studies provide a broad systems-level view of how specific driver oncogenes remodel the surfaceome and the glycoproteome in a cell autologous fashion, and suggest possible surface targets, and combinations thereof, for drug and biomarker discovery
Infection-acquired versus vaccine-acquired immunity in an SIRWS model
Despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis has re-emerged as a public health
concern in many countries. One hypothesis posed for re-emergence is the waning
of immunity. In some disease systems, the process of waning immunity can be
non-linear, involving a complex relationship between the duration of immunity
and subsequent boosting of immunity through asymptomatic re-exposure.
We present and analyse a model of infectious disease transmission to examine
the interplay between infection and immunity. By allowing the duration of
infection-acquired immunity to differ from that of vaccine-acquired immunity,
we explore the impact of the difference in durations on long-term disease
patterns and prevalence of infection.
Our model demonstrates that vaccination may induce cyclic behaviour, and its
ability to reduce the infection prevalence increases with both the duration of
infection-acquired immunity and duration of vaccine-acquired immunity. We find
that increasing vaccine coverage, while capable of leading to an increase in
overall transmission, always results in a reduction in prevalence of primary
infections, with epidemic cycles characterised by a longer interepidemic period
and taller peaks.
Our results show that the epidemiological patterns of an infectious disease
may change considerably when the duration of vaccine-acquired immunity differs
from that of infection-acquired immunity. Our study highlights that for any
particular disease and associated vaccine, a detailed understanding of the
duration of protection and how that duration is influenced by infection
prevalence is important as we seek to optimise vaccination strategies.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure
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