Hormonal computing: a conceptual approach

This paper provides a conceptual roadmap for the use of hormonal bioinspired models in a broad range of AI, neuroengineering, or computational systems. The functional signaling nature of hormones provides an example of a reliable multidimensional information management system that can solve parallel multitasks. Two existing examples of hormonal computing bioinspired possibilities are shortly reviewed, and two novel approaches are introduced, with a special emphasis on what researchers propose as hormonal computing for neurorehabilitation in patients with complete spinal cord injuries. They extend the use of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) by applying sequential stimulations to limbs through prostheses. The prostheses include various limb models and are connected to a neurostimulation bus called the central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG bus utilizes hormonal computing principles to coordinate the stimulation of the spinal cord and muscles

Vr & Web Gui Shell: Interactive Web-System For Virtual Reality

In this article, we provide the reader with an idea of realisation an interactive web system for virtual reality (VR). First, we discuss the role of web system for VR, and its relevance and importance. Then, we provide a brief overview of the existing technologies, which allows to implement this idea at the software level. Particularly, we review the possibilities of implementing the functions of the system, which will be gathered in one place: display of standard video and video 360 °, with dynamic playlist and descriptions windows; online maps, where the mode of «street view » will be in the focus of attention; output web pages, based on automatic transformation or ready-made «VR mode » of WebVR technology; and the adaptation of the browser to VR, which should solve one of the important problems – user-friendly navigation and ensuring high performance because VR in web has a lot of extra interlayers, instructions translation and etc., and this all decreases the performance. Thus, we are attempting to swap them and make a web-system in the virtual reality system. At the same time, we present our concepts, which clearly demonstrate our idea. Finally, we offer some possible ways of our web-system development in the future

Effects of urethane and isoflurane on the sensory evoked response and local blood flow in the early postnatal rat somatosensory cortex

International audienceAbstract Functional studies in the central nervous system are often conducted using anesthesia. While the dose-dependent effects of anesthesia on neuronal activity have been extensively characterized in adults, little is known about the effects of anesthesia on cortical activity and cerebral blood flow in the immature central nervous system. Substitution of electrophysiological recordings with the less-invasive technique of optical intrinsic signal imaging (OIS) in vivo allowed simultaneous recordings of sensory-evoked functional response and local blood flow changes in the neonatal rat barrel cortex. Using OIS we characterize the effects of two widely used anesthetics—urethane and isoflurane. We found that both anesthetics suppressed the sensory-evoked optical intrinsic signal in a dose-dependent manner. Dependence of the cortical response suppression matched the exponential decay model. At experimental levels of anesthesia, urethane affected the evoked cortical response less than isoflurane, which is in agreement with the results of electrophysiological recordings demonstrated by other authors. Changes in oxygenation and local blood flow also showed negative correlation with both anesthetics. The high similarity in immature patterns of activity recorded in different regions of the developing cortex suggested similar principles of development regardless of the cortical region. Therefore the indicated results should be taken into account during functional explorations in the entire developing cortex. Our results also point to urethane as the anesthetic of choice in non-survival experimental recordings in the developing brain as it produces less prominent impairment of cortical neuronal activity in neonatal animals

Neuropunk Revolution. Hacking Cognitive Systems towards Cyborgs 3.0

This work is dedicated to the review and perspective of the new direction that we call "Neuropunk revolution" resembling the cultural phenomenon of cyberpunk. This new phenomenon has its foundations in advances in neuromorphic technologies including memristive and bio-plausible simulations, BCI, and neurointerfaces as well as unconventional approaches to AI and computing in general. We present the review of the current state-of-the-art and our vision of near future development of scientific approaches and future technologies. We call the "Neuropunk revolution" the set of trends that in our view provide the necessary background for the new generation of approaches technologies to integrate the cybernetic objects with biological tissues in close loop system as well as robotic systems inspired by the biological processes again integrated with biological objects. We see bio-plausible simulations implemented by digital computers or spiking networks memristive hardware as promising bridge or middleware between digital and (neuro)biological domains