Fantasia e fetiche: consumindo o Brasil na Inglaterra

Nos meses recentes, os consumidores ingleses foram bombardeados pelas agências de publicidade com imagens do Brasil. Comerciais de televisão sobre carros, banco, batata chips, desodorantes, xampu e móveis, traduzem as especificidades da sociedade e da cultura brasileira, em sinais visuais e auditivos de fácil compreensão por parte dos consumidores ingleses. Nas ruas nobres da cidade, as lojas de moda estão oferecendo camisetas, suéteres e roupas esportivas em cores brasileiras. A bandeira brasileira é atualmente exibida com destaque, próximo às caixas registradoras nas filiais da loja de roupa H&M (cuja coleção de verão foi fotografada com modelos brasileiras pousando nas praias da Zona Sul do Rio). Um artigo no “Sunday Times” (11/04/2004), comentando a mania atual por tudo que é brasileiro, resumiu convenientemente e reforçou todos os estereótipos associados ao Brasil no imaginário britânico, adicionando algumas observações importantes sobre o estilo de vida brasileiro, para instrução dos leitores (por exemplo, o fascínio dos homens brasileiros pelas bundas das mulheres). Segundo o artigo: “Brasil é o ‘outro': um novo mundo tropical de liberdade, musicalidade e exotismo, borbulhando de energia e promessas… A cultura brasileira também adota uma inclusão e diversidade que é altamente atrativa ao velho mundo procurando por inspiração…” Até mesmo a edição atual (16/07/2004) do sério fórum de discussão literária, o TLS (Suplemento Literário Times), tem na sua capa uma fotografia de uma impressionante brasileira negra vestida de biquíni branco

The uses of peer learning with older adults in formal, non-formal and informal learning activities

The uses of peer learning with older adults in formal, non-formal and informal learning activities. PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022307145 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202230714

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of breast cancer identifies two novel susceptibility loci at 6q14 and 20q11.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor status have revealed loci contributing to susceptibility of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subtypes. To identify additional genetic variants for ER-negative breast cancer, we conducted the largest meta-analysis of ER-negative disease to date, comprising 4754 ER-negative cases and 31 663 controls from three GWAS: NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) (2188 ER-negative cases; 25 519 controls of European ancestry), Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC) (1562 triple negative cases; 3399 controls of European ancestry) and African American Breast Cancer Consortium (AABC) (1004 ER-negative cases; 2745 controls). We performed in silico replication of 86 SNPs at P ≤ 1 × 10(-5) in an additional 11 209 breast cancer cases (946 with ER-negative disease) and 16 057 controls of Japanese, Latino and European ancestry. We identified two novel loci for breast cancer at 20q11 and 6q14. SNP rs2284378 at 20q11 was associated with ER-negative breast cancer (combined two-stage OR = 1.16; P = 1.1 × 10(-8)) but showed a weaker association with overall breast cancer (OR = 1.08, P = 1.3 × 10(-6)) based on 17 869 cases and 43 745 controls and no association with ER-positive disease (OR = 1.01, P = 0.67) based on 9965 cases and 22 902 controls. Similarly, rs17530068 at 6q14 was associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.12; P = 1.1 × 10(-9)), and with both ER-positive (OR = 1.09; P = 1.5 × 10(-5)) and ER-negative (OR = 1.16, P = 2.5 × 10(-7)) disease. We also confirmed three known loci associated with ER-negative (19p13) and both ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancer (6q25 and 12p11). Our results highlight the value of large-scale collaborative studies to identify novel breast cancer risk loci

Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke. The primary outcome was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. The trial was designed to test for noninferiority, with key secondary objectives of testing for superiority with respect to the primary outcome and to the rates of major bleeding and death from any cause. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years. The rate of the primary outcome was 1.27% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 1.60% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio with apixaban, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.95; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P = 0.01 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 2.13% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 3.09% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P<0.001), and the rates of death from any cause were 3.52% and 3.94%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = 0.047). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 0.47% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75; P<0.001), and the rate of ischemic or uncertain type of stroke was 0.97% per year in the apixaban group and 1.05% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.13; P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban was superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, caused less bleeding, and resulted in lower mortality. Copyright © 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved