Venture Capital Financing and Green Patenting

This paper explores the role of green innovation in attracting venture capital (VC) financing. We use a unique dataset that matches information on equity transactions, companies’ balance sheet variables and data on patented innovation at the firm level over the period 2008–2017. Taking advance of a novel granular definition of green innovative activities that tracks patents at the firm level, we show that green innovators are more likely to receive VC funding compared to other equity financing than firms without green patents. Likewise, a larger share of green vs. non-green patents in a firm’s patent portfolio increases the probability of receiving VC finance with respect to other equity. Robustness checks and extensions tackling several dimensions of heterogeneity confirm the attractiveness of green patenting for VC investment

Place des lipides dans l'alimentation du sportif

Les acides gras, en tant que substrats énergétiques. Limites à la contribution des lipides dans la fourniture d'énergie. Comment augmenter l'utilisation des acides gras à l'exercice ? Apports lipidiques conseillés chez le sportif

Instabilities in electromagnetic quasilevitation

International audienceWe investigate free-surface instabilities occurring in various industrial processes involving liquid metal. Of particular interest is the behavior of the free surface of a pool of liquid metal when it is submitted to an alternating magnetic field. Experimentally, we study the effect of a vertical alternating medium-frequency magnetic field on an initially circular pool. We observe various types of behavior according to magnetic field amplitude, e. g., axisymmetric deformations, azimuthal mode structures, slow radial oscillation of the pool perimeter, and random rotation of the pool around its center. Drop rotation could be attributed to nonsymmetric shape deformations. The effect of oxidation leads to drastic changes in pool behavior. The experimental results are then compared to a linear stability analysis of the free surface of a circular liquid drop

MHD interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for high flow rate loop of ASTRID Sodium Fast Reactor secondary circuit, behavior

International audienceThe present paper deals with the analysis of the behaviour of a very large Annular Linear Induction Pumps (ALIP) for liquid sodium. This pump is able to provide high flow rates (more than 7,000 m3/h with a pressure discharge of about 3.7 bar). Dimensions of pumping channel under the active part are of an average diameter of 966 mm and a length of 4,500 mm. The global and local stability of the pump are analyzed. It is found that in the nominal conditions, stable operation may be obtained. The start-up of the pump is also investigated. The coil current switch-on must be carefully analyzed in order to avoid large over-pressure occurring during the transient

MHD interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for high flow rate loop of ASTRID Sodium Fast Reactor secondary circuit -performances

International audienceThe present paper deals with the analysis of the performances of a very large Annular Linear Induction Pumps (ALIP) for liquid sodium. This pump is able to provide high flow rates (more than 7,000 m3.h-1 with a pressure discharge of about 3.7 bar). Dimensions of pumping channel under the active part are of an average diameter of 966 mm and a length of 4,500 mm. It’s a double sided inductor pump. On the base of an imposed 2D axisymmetric geometry, performances (discharge pressure vs. deliver flowrate) are calculated by means of two methods for the point of optimal frequency of the supply currents. In a first approach, Maxwell equations are solved taking into account a rigid body velocity field for the fluid. These calculations give the opportunity to determine the most suitable operating frequency of the supply currents and their average intensity. In a second approach the full magnetohydrodynamic interaction is computed (using k-e turbulent law with enhanced wall functions). A comparison is done between the results obtain from the two hypotheses: rigid body velocity field vs. computed turbulent flow field. This set out that rigid body velocity field lowered the pressure discharge

Thermoelectric effects on electrically conducting particles in liquid metal

International audienceThe present paper deals with the thermoelectric effect on a solid electrically conducting particle immersed in a liquid metal under a temperature gradient. Superimposition of a static magnetic field induces thermoelectric magnetic (TEM) forces both in the solid and in the liquid. Considering a simple spherical particle, the electric current density and the corresponding forces can be calculated analytically. Two cases are considered according to the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the temperature gradient. The corresponding flow fields around the particle are calculated in both cases. Grain motion is analyzed in the light of in-situ experiments performed earlier

Modeling of fully coupled MHD flows in annular linear induction pumps

International audienceThe paper studies specific pumping characteristics of the Annular Linear Induction Pumps (ALIP) with travelling field for liquid sodium. The present work is focused on the analysis of very large electromagnetic pumps able to provide high flow rates. The magnetic Reynolds number is quite large, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the full magnetohydrodynamic interaction between the electromagnetic field and the liquid metal flow inside pump channel. We couple the electromagnetic aspects with the hydrodynamic ones by means of two commercial softwares. The geometry considered here is 2D axisymmetric. It is found that in such induction pumps the effect of convection is very important. Two main effects have been put forth. Firstly, due to the magnetic entrainment significant end effects are observed for large velocities. This leads to the existence of regions where the axial force is negative. Secondly, a Hartmann effect occurs near the walls. The electric current and the corresponding forces are confined near the wall in Hartmann layers. Global stability of e. m. pump is also analysed

A multiscale numerical approach of the dripping slag in the coke bed zone of a pilot scale Si-Mn furnace

The Si-Mn alloy process production in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) is investigated. The aim of the studies currently in progress is an enhancement of the knowledge about the key reactions and the mass transport phenomenon related to the metal production. Some small scale experiments on raw materials and bigger pilot scale experiments are done to understand local kinetic and its extension to real condition production furnaces. As it is impossible to observe what is happening in the core of the furnace during operation, excavation of the pilot scale furnace are realised after operations. Based on bibliographical description of similar processes, observations and species analyses after excavation, a numerical simulation is currently in development to test the hypothesis formulated about the internal behaviour of the furnace. As it is difficult to model the complex entire furnace, the work presented here is focusing on what are the phenomenas inside the coke bed, in the dripping zone where the slags flow around the carbon particles before reaching the bottom of the furnace. The thrickling of the slags across the coke bed can be evaluated by a simulation of the droplets finding their path by gravity through the packing of carbon particles. This study has to be very local in space and time, but can give some useful informations such as velocities and drag force. At a larger scale (ie furnace scale), the coke bed particles are modelled by a granular phase in an eulerian-eulerian representation where the slag phase flow interact in the same way as in the local study. The slag is found to flow across the coke bed under the form of droplets of a maximum diameter of 10mm. The apparent velocity of the fluid is about 0,12 m/s. However the residence time of the droplets is longer due to the liquid trapped along the coke bed

A multiscale numerical approach of the dripping slag in the coke bed zone of a pilot scale Si-Mn furnace

The Si-Mn alloy process production in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) is investigated. The aim of the studies currently in progress is an enhancement of the knowledge about the key reactions and the mass transport phenomenon related to the metal production. Some small scale experiments on raw materials and bigger pilot scale experiments are done to understand local kinetic and its extension to real condition production furnaces. As it is impossible to observe what is happening in the core of the furnace during operation, excavation of the pilot scale furnace are realised after operations. Based on bibliographical description of similar processes, observations and species analyses after excavation, a numerical simulation is currently in development to test the hypothesis formulated about the internal behaviour of the furnace. As it is difficult to model the complex entire furnace, the work presented here is focusing on what are the phenomenas inside the coke bed, in the dripping zone where the slags flow around the carbon particles before reaching the bottom of the furnace. The thrickling of the slags across the coke bed can be evaluated by a simulation of the droplets finding their path by gravity through the packing of carbon particles. This study has to be very local in space and time, but can give some useful informations such as velocities and drag force. At a larger scale (ie furnace scale), the coke bed particles are modelled by a granular phase in an eulerian-eulerian representation where the slag phase flow interact in the same way as in the local study. The slag is found to flow across the coke bed under the form of droplets of a maximum diameter of 10mm. The apparent velocity of the fluid is about 0,12 m/s. However the residence time of the droplets is longer due to the liquid trapped along the coke bed

A multiscale numerical approach of the dripping slag in the coke bed zone of a pilot scale Si-Mn furnace

The Si-Mn alloy process production in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) is investigated. The aim of the studies currently in progress is an enhancement of the knowledge about the key reactions and the mass transport phenomenon related to the metal production. Some small scale experiments on raw materials and bigger pilot scale experiments are done to understand local kinetic and its extension to real condition production furnaces. As it is impossible to observe what is happening in the core of the furnace during operation, excavation of the pilot scale furnace are realised after operations. Based on bibliographical description of similar processes, observations and species analyses after excavation, a numerical simulation is currently in development to test the hypothesis formulated about the internal behaviour of the furnace. As it is difficult to model the complex entire furnace, the work presented here is focusing on what are the phenomenas inside the coke bed, in the dripping zone where the slags flow around the carbon particles before reaching the bottom of the furnace. The thrickling of the slags across the coke bed can be evaluated by a simulation of the droplets finding their path by gravity through the packing of carbon particles. This study has to be very local in space and time, but can give some useful informations such as velocities and drag force. At a larger scale (ie furnace scale), the coke bed particles are modelled by a granular phase in an eulerian-eulerian representation where the slag phase flow interact in the same way as in the local study. The slag is found to flow across the coke bed under the form of droplets of a maximum diameter of 10mm. The apparent velocity of the fluid is about 0,12 m/s. However the residence time of the droplets is longer due to the liquid trapped along the coke bed.publishedVersio