Dicamba Translocation and Metabolism in Susceptible Soybean and Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Volatilization

The expansion of dicamba-resistant technology increased the use of dicamba in season and relocated the off-target movement towards the growing season, negatively affecting susceptible vegetation, such as soybean. This research aimed to understand different aspects of the off-target movement of dicamba and impact on susceptible soybean. A study determined the accumulation of dicamba in soybean seed (grain) when parental plants at the pod-filling stage were treated with 1/200 of a labeled rate of dicamba at 560 g ae ha-1 and radiolabeled herbicide used as a tracer. This research found that 44% of the total herbicide absorbed by the parent plants was transported toward seeds, and at least 99% of the total remained active, potentially impacting seed quality. Off-target movement investigations conducted by state regulatory officials include collecting and analyzing plant tissue for pesticide content and photos of the alleged damage. The second experiment assessed the persistence of dicamba and 2,4-D in Palmer amaranth and 2,4-D- and dicamba-resistant soybean. The findings revealed that the likelihood of detecting either herbicide in plant samples decreased rapidly following exposure; therefore, early sampling is critical to recovering potential herbicides in plant tissue. A third experiment evaluated the influence of volatilization and suspension of physical particles on the off-target movement of dicamba plus glyphosate with imazethapyr, a non-volatile herbicide added as a tracer. Results showed that the ratio of dicamba to imazethapyr detected in air samples was at least 50:1, several orders of magnitude more than the ratio of herbicide applied to the field (5.3:1), indicating that volatility contributed to most of the off-target movement that occurred. The fourth study established relationships between soybean responses, including visible injury and height reduction and concentration of volatilized dicamba. A predicted dicamba concentration of 1.60 ng m-3 per day resulted in 10% visible soybean injury The fifth study investigated differences in the off-target movement of dicamba impacted by herbicide and adjuvant mixtures or types of surfaces treated, using low tunnel trials. These experiments focused on causes of enhanced dicamba volatility where it was found that both glufosinate and glyphosate increase detection of the dicamba in air. Dicamba volatility was reduced by 70% when a volatility reduction agent was added to dicamba treatments, an adjuvant currently required for any in-crop application with the herbicide

Dicamba Translocation and Metabolism in Susceptible Soybean and Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Volatilization

The expansion of dicamba-resistant technology increased the use of dicamba in season and relocated the off-target movement towards the growing season, negatively affecting susceptible vegetation, such as soybean. This research aimed to understand different aspects of the off-target movement of dicamba and impact on susceptible soybean. A study determined the accumulation of dicamba in soybean seed (grain) when parental plants at the pod-filling stage were treated with 1/200 of a labeled rate of dicamba at 560 g ae ha-1 and radiolabeled herbicide used as a tracer. This research found that 44% of the total herbicide absorbed by the parent plants was transported toward seeds, and at least 99% of the total remained active, potentially impacting seed quality. Off-target movement investigations conducted by state regulatory officials include collecting and analyzing plant tissue for pesticide content and photos of the alleged damage. The second experiment assessed the persistence of dicamba and 2,4-D in Palmer amaranth and 2,4-D- and dicamba-resistant soybean. The findings revealed that the likelihood of detecting either herbicide in plant samples decreased rapidly following exposure; therefore, early sampling is critical to recovering potential herbicides in plant tissue. A third experiment evaluated the influence of volatilization and suspension of physical particles on the off-target movement of dicamba plus glyphosate with imazethapyr, a non-volatile herbicide added as a tracer. Results showed that the ratio of dicamba to imazethapyr detected in air samples was at least 50:1, several orders of magnitude more than the ratio of herbicide applied to the field (5.3:1), indicating that volatility contributed to most of the off-target movement that occurred. The fourth study established relationships between soybean responses, including visible injury and height reduction and concentration of volatilized dicamba. A predicted dicamba concentration of 1.60 ng m-3 per day resulted in 10% visible soybean injury The fifth study investigated differences in the off-target movement of dicamba impacted by herbicide and adjuvant mixtures or types of surfaces treated, using low tunnel trials. These experiments focused on causes of enhanced dicamba volatility where it was found that both glufosinate and glyphosate increase detection of the dicamba in air. Dicamba volatility was reduced by 70% when a volatility reduction agent was added to dicamba treatments, an adjuvant currently required for any in-crop application with the herbicide

Tetracyclines beyond the antibiotic

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019O efeito antibiótico das tetraciclinas tem sido amplamente estudado e demonstrado ao longo dos anos. No entanto, as tetraciclinas renasceram no momento de recuperar a sensibilidade e incorporar novos componentes alguns dos quais mais ativos. As aplicações das tetraciclinas fora do escopo da microbiologia têm sido focadas no fato das mesmas exibirem efeitos anti-inflamatórios e anti- apoptóticos que afetam múltiplos processos, tais como angiogênese, proteólise e metabolismo ósseo. A minociclina (MC), que é a tetraciclina mais poderosa, tornou-se um dos compostos mais amplamente utilizados na família das tetraciclinas e foi a última das tetraciclinas a ser introduzida no mercado no século XX. A MC foi aprovada pela Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) para uso humano em 1971, após um longo caminho de modificações dos seus análogos. A MC apresentou vários resultados potenciais contra muitos modelos de doenças neurodegenerativas, como os efeitos anti-inflamatórios e anti-apoptóticos. São conhecidos os efeitos colaterais da MC o que a torna um medicamento seguro e barato, permitindo o seu uso a longo prazo e a alta penetração na barreira hemato encefálica (BHE). Este fato torna o composto ideal para uso no tratamento de acidente vascular cerebral, mas também na esclerose múltipla, lesão medular, esclerose lateral amiotrófica, doença de Huntington, doença de Parkinson e na doença de Alzheimer. No entanto, apesar da MC ser considerada o derivado das tetraciclinas mais eficaz em doenças neurodegenerativas, ainda existem limitações ao seu potencial: a dose administrada para evitar efeitos colaterais indesejáveis permanece como uma das questões cruciais.The antibiotic effect of tetracyclines has been widely studied and demonstrated over the years. However, tetracyclines have been reborn at the time of recovering sensibility and incorporating new components and more active. The applications of tetracyclines outside the scope of the microbiology has been focused in the fact that tetracyclines exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and affect multiple processes such as angiogenesis, proteolysis and bone metabolism. Minocycline (MC), the most powerful tetracycline of that period, became one of the most widely used compound of tetracycline’s family, and was the last tetracycline to be introduced into the market in the 20th century. MC was approved to use in 1971 after a long pathway of modifications of the analogs. MC showed so many potential results against many models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as the anti-inflammatory and the anti-apoptotic effects. The fact of being known the side-effects profile of MC, being considered a safe drug and inexpensive which allows the long-term use, and the high penetration in the BBB, makes this compound the ideal to use in stroke treatment but also in multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, despite MC is considered the most effective tetracycline derivative regarding neurodegenerative diseases, there are still limitations to its potential: the dose administrated to avoid undesirable side-effects remains a crucial issue

Among universalisms and particularisms: Notes about "The Common" theories concerning contemporary ethnopolitics

En la teoría etnológica y política contemporánea, la conceptualización de las acciones de adscriptos étnicos en términos de acciones orientadas por intereses constituye el núcleo conceptual de la definición de lo político. Comunalizaciones, movimientos culturales, democracia plural radical, reivindicaciones de derechos colectivos diferenciados, son todas ellas nociones que refieren a acciones colectivas y a la producción de identidades sobre la base de orientaciones culturales o ethos comunes en el ámbito de la esfera pública. La interpretación de tales expresiones como formas institucionalizadas y públicas de acción colectiva se funda en un concepto de vida política como ?vida común?, como ?acción colectiva pública?, La siguiente presentación se propone interrogar los márgenes categoriales sobre los que se construye y fundamenta la teoría etnopolítica contemporánea, analizando las nociones de ?común? que ponen en circulación como así también la tensión entre universalismo y particularismo que hacen emerger.In the contemporary political and ethnological theory, the conceptualization of the ethnic ascribed people actions in terms of “interest actions” is the conceptual core of the definition of politics. Communalizations, cultural movements, radical pluralist democracy, differentiated collective rights claims, are all notions that refer to collective action and the production of identities based on cultural orientations or common ethos in the field of public sphere. The interpretation of such expressions, as institutionalized and public forms of collective action, is based on a concept of political life as “common life”, as “public collective action”. The following article proposes to inquire the categorical margins on which the contemporary ethno-political theory is built and founded, analyzing not only the notions of “common” put into circulation but also the tension between universalism and particularism that do emerge themselves.Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentin

Léxicos políticos en tensión: Movilización étnica indígena e impolítica en Argentina

El siguiente artículo reúne reflexiones y perspectivas analíticas resultantes de mi investigación doctoral, la cual indaga sobre las articulaciones entre identidad, economía y política. A partir de un estudio de caso etnográfico los Huarpes- y de la selección de un contexto regional específico- la provincia de Mendoza- este trabajo constituye un esfuerzo por indagar y analizar las formulaciones políticas inherentes al actual régimen gubernamental, revisando críticamente sus supuestos y analizando sus efectos sobre las formas de organización indígena. En el léxico de gobierno contemporáneo, la vida indígena- definida como "vida pura" -entra en el mundo de lo humano sólo cuando se la inscribe en un orden normativo en este caso, el "sistema de comunidades indígenas"-, el cual busca brindarle una forma ordenada, uniforme y estable desde una racionalidad económica.The following article collects reflections and analytical perspectives that result of my doctoral research that explore about relationships between identity, economy and politics. By means of an ethnographic case study – the Huarpes- and the choice of a specific region– the province of Mendoza- this work is the result of an effort to enquire and to analyze the political formulations inherent to the present configuration of the government regime, critically reviewing their budgets and analizing their effects on indigenous organizational ways. In the lexicon of contemporary government, the indigenous life – defined it as “pure life”- enters of the human world, only when she is registered in a normative order - in this case, the " system of indigenous communities "-, which, it searchs give him a tidy, uniform and stable form, from economic rationality.Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentin

“Difference-as-a-colony”, governmentality/biopoliticas and Good living (jointly): decolonial ramifications of Derrida, Foucault’s thinking and postcolonial criticism

En este artículo proponemos en el cruce de y en simpatía con la deconstrucción, el pensamiento de Foucault, la crítica poscolonial, la antropología de la naturaleza y la ecología política pensar los riesgos de individualización epistémica que acechan a las formulaciones más abiertas sobre la subjetividad colonial/moderna. Mostramos una específica lectura de estos corpus teóricos desde un marco antropológico-filosófico e incursionamos en el potencial epistemológico de dicha lectura en la exploración del campo de la etnopolítica. Entendiendo el campo de la etnopolítica como «dominio de saber», este trabajo es un esfuerzo por indagar y analizar las formulaciones epistemológicas y jurídico-administrativas revisando críticamente sus supuestos y analizando sus efectos sobre las formas de comunalización de la vida-en-común.This paper puts forward —at the crossroads and in line with deconstruction, Foucault’s thinking, post-colonial criticism, the anthropology of nature and political ecology— in order to think about the risks of epistemic individuation stalking more open formulations on modern/colonial subjectivity. We show a specific reading of those theoretical corpora within an anthropological-philosophical framework, and make inroads in the epistemological potential of this reading in exploring the field of ethnopolitics understood as a “domain of knowledge”. Therefore this work is an effort to inquire into and analyse epistemologic and juridical-administrative formulations, through a critical review to their assumptions, and analysing their effects on commonalization forms of life-in-common.O presente trabalho esforça-se por indagar e analisar as formulações epistemológicas e jurídico-administrativas, revisando criticamente seus pressupostos e os efeitos das formas de comunalização da vida-em-comum. Com esse fim, propomos, partindo do cruzamento e da simpatia acerca da desconstrução, do pensamento de Foucault, da crítica pós-colonial, da antropologia da natureza e da ecologia política, pensar nos riscos da individualização epistêmica que ameaçam as formulações mais abertas sobre as subjetividades colonial/ moderna. Demostra-se uma leitura específica desses corpos teóricos a partir de um quadro antropológico-filosófico. Incursiona-se no potencial epistemológico dessa leitura na exploração do campo da etnopolítica, entendido como um «domínio do saber».Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecologia Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentin

Identificación de un aislamiento argentino de Spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus

La oruga militar tardía, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), es una plaga importante del maíz. Debido al impacto ambiental y a la aparición de resistencia causados por los pesticidas químicos y los eventos transgénicos, el uso de baculovirus resulta una alternativa útil y saludable para su control en estrategias de manejo integrado de plagas. En este trabajo reportamos la identificación de un nuevo aislamiento del granulovirus de la S. frugiperda nativo de la región central de Argentina, SfGV ARG. Se observó que larvas infectadas con SfGV ARG mostraron coloración amarillenta, hinchazón y, en algunos casos, lesiones graves en los últimos segmentos abdominales. Se confirmó la identidad del aislamiento por secuenciación de fragmentos de los genes lef-8, lef-9 y granulina, y por cálculo de distancias evolutivas usando el parámetro de Kimura-2. El patrón de restricción generado con el ADN genómico de SfGV ARG permitió estimar un tamaño de genoma de al menos 135 kb.The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important maize pest. Due to the environmental impact and emergence of resistance caused by chemical pesticides and transgenic events, the use of baculoviruses becomes a safe and useful alternative for its control in integrated pest management strategies. Here we report the identification of a novel isolate of a granulovirus of S. frugiperda native to the central region of Argentina, named SfGV ARG. We observed that larvae infected with SfGV ARG showed a yellowish coloration, swollen body and, in some cases, severe lesions in the last abdominal segments. We confirmed the identity of the isolate by sequencing fragments of the lef-8, lef-9 and granulin genes and by calculating evolutionary distances using the Kimura-2-Parameter model. SfGV ARG DNA restriction pattern allowed to estimate a genome of at least 135 kb.Fil: Pidre, Matias Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Sabalette, Karina Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Romanowski, Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Ferrelli, Maria Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Razón gubernamental, biopolítica y mecanismos de capitalización de la praxis indígena en Mendoza

En un mundo en constante transformación, los dispositivos pedagógicos también se modifican. La escuela produce nuevas formas de regular las conductas, distintas a las que conocimos en las sociedades disciplinarias. Para dar cuenta de esos cambios, focalizaremos la atención en algunas situaciones discursivas de los docentes, padres y estudiantes en la escuela, que nos permiten aproximarnos a las prácticas de regulación cotidianas y también a las formas de oposición, de contraconductas o conductas en la escuela del siglo XXI.In a constantly changing world, educational devices also change. The school produces new forms of behavior regulation, different from those we met in disciplinary societies. To give an account of these changes we will focus on certain school situations through discursive practices of teachers, parents and students, which will allow us to approach day-to-day regulatory practices and also the forms of opposition, counter-conducts or conducts that in its generality cannot take place in the XXIth century school.Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Área Antropológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentin

Colonialidad/modernidad como matriz de subjetivación étnica: lecturas desde la crítica biopolítica, el pensamiento de la comunidad y la deconstrucción

El propósito del artículo es explorar las formas teóricas y jurídicas coloniales/modernas de estructuración de la vida-en-común en el campo de la etnicidad, analizándolas como un entramado que articula la matriz biopolítica y de la gubernamentalidad con el dispositivo de la persona y el paradigma inmunitario. Para nuestro análisis articulamos centralmente tres corpus teóricos: el foucaultiano, en su propuesta epistemológica y metodológica como su crítica biopolítica y analítica de la subjetividad moderna; el derridiano, en su propuesta de pensamiento sobre lo político; y el de la crítica epistemológica del colonialismo. Tomamos centralmente dos tesis desde cierta distancia crítica: a) la colonialidad constituye una expresión de la modernidad y b) lo que conecta la biopolítica con la modernidad es el paradigma inmunitario.The purpose of this article is to explore the colonial / modern theoretical and juridical forms of life-in-common structuring in the field of ethnicity, analyzing them as a network that articulates the biopolitical and the governmentality matrices with the dispositif (apparatus) of the person and the immune paradigm. For our analysis, we articulate three theoretical corpuses: the Foucauldian, in its epistemological and methodological proposal as its biopolitical and analytical critique of modern subjectivity; the Derridean, in its proposal of thought on political issues; and that of the epistemological critique of colonialism. We centrally take two theses from a certain critical distance: a) coloniality is an expression of modernity and b) what connects biopolitics with modernity is the immune paradigm.Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Desert ethnographies : reflections from an anthropology of nomadism

l presente artículo contiene una serie de reflexiones, elaboradas sobre la base de nuestra propia investigación etnográfica, que intentan contribuir a desnaturalizar y visibilizar la complejidad de los contextos de interacción, considerando que abarcan distintas dimensiones y aspectos –tales como posición de los interlocutores en la estructura social, expectativas individuales, experiencias y relaciones previas de los sujetos, y recursos materiales y simbólicos en intermediación–, enfatizando así el carácter situacional y dinámico de esas relaciones de interlocución. A la luz de los actuales debates de la crítica cultural, el pensamiento nómade y la crítica espectrológica derridiana, y en un intento por contribuir a los estudios de la Etnografía Colaborativa, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer lo que entendemos como performances de campo, situando como objeto de análisis la experiencia etnográfica en sí misma.This paper contains a series of reflections developed on the basis of the author’s own ethnographic research, carried out since 2004 with indigenous Huarpe people in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. These reflections try to contribute to denature the complexity of interaction contexts and make them visible, considering that such contexts embrace different dimensions and aspects –such as the speakers’ position in the social structure, individual expectations,experiences and previous relationships of subjects, as well as material and symbolic intermediation resources. Emphasis is therefore placed on the situational and dynamic character of those interlocution relationships. In the light of current debates from cultural review, the nomad thinking and the Derridean spectrological critics, and in an effort to contribute to the Collaborative Ethnography studies, this paper is aimed at showing what we understand as field performances, considering the ethnographic experience itself as the object of analysis.Fil: Katzer Molina, Maria Leticia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin