Teores de diterpenos em bebidas de café espresso preparadas com cápsulas comerciais

The objective of this work was to quantify kahweol and cafestol diterpenes in coffee brews prepared from commercial capsules for espresso in the Brazilian market. Four types of brews, with five preparation replications, were evaluated. The capsules had differences in the amount and type of roasted and ground coffees used (blends of arabica and robusta coffee or 100% arabica coffee), and in the conditions of time and volume of extraction (dose) recommended by the manufacturer. The coffee brews presented 1.42 and 4.88 g of solids/100 mL. Concentration of solids decreased with the increase in time/volume extraction. Contents of 0.47 to 1.04 mg of kahweol and 0.38 to 0.92 mg of cafestol by dose (ranging from 35 to 120 mL) were observed. These contents corresponded to a range of 0.40 to 2.96 mg of kahweol/100 mL  and 0.32 to 2.62 mg of cafestol/100 mL. The fraction of diterpenes extracted varied from 1.85 to 4.27 % for kahweol and 1.87 to 4.16 % for cafestol. Considering the contents of cafestol, there is no indication of a hypercholesterolemic effect due to a moderate consumption of coffee brews prepared from these commercial capsules.Objetivou-se, neste trabalho,quantificar os diterpenos caveol e cafestol em bebidas de café preparadas a partir de cápsulas comerciais para espresso do mercado brasileiro. Foram avaliadas bebidas de quatro tipos de cápsulas com 5 repetições de preparo. As cápsulas apresentavam diferenças na quantidade e tipo de café torrado e moído empregado (blends de café arábica e robusta ou cafés 100% arábica), e nas condições de tempo e volume de extração (doses), preconizadas pelo fabricante. As bebidas apresentaram de 1,42 a 4,88 g de sólidos/100 mL. A concentração de sólidos diminuiu com o aumento no tempo/volume de extração. Observaram-se teores de 0,47 a 1,04 mg de caveol e 0,38 a 0,92 mg de cafestol por dose (variando de 35 a 120 mL), correspondentes à faixa de 0,40 a 2,96 mg de caveol/100 mL e 0,32 a 2,62 mg de cafestol/100 mL. A porcentagem de diterpenos extraídos variou de 1,85 a 4,27 % para caveol e 1,87 a 4,16 % para cafestol. Considerando-se os teores de cafestol, há indicação que o consumo moderado de café preparado a partir de cápsulas comerciais não implicaria em efeito hipercolesterolêmico

Una evaluación de la comprensión de estructuras sintácticas con alto costo de procesamiento en niños en edad escolar

An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico

An assessment of the comprehension of highly costly syntactic structures by school age children

Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico.An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Fil: Dotti, Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Leticia Maria Sicuro. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Rivera, Gabriela. Hospital de Niños Orlando Alassia; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Benassi, Julia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Formichelli, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Santa Fe; Argentin

Una evaluación de la comprensión de estructuras sintácticas con alto costo de procesamiento en niños en edad escolar

An assessment of the comprehension of highly costly syntactic structures by school age children. An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico

Primary Chemoradiotherapy Treatment (PCRT) for HER2+ and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Feasible Combination

Primary systemic treatment (PST) downsizes the tumor and improves pathological response. The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility and tolerance of primary concurrent radio–chemotherapy (PCRT) in breast cancer patients. Patients with localized TN/HER2+ tumors were enrolled in this prospective study. Radiation was delivered concomitantly during the first 3 weeks of chemotherapy, and it was based on a 15 fractions scheme, 40.5 Gy/2.7 Gy per fraction to whole breast and nodal levels I-IV. Chemotherapy (CT) was based on Pertuzumab–Trastuzumab–Paclitaxel followed by anthracyclines in HER2+ and CBDCA-Paclitaxel followed by anthracyclines in TN breast cancers patients. A total of 58 patients were enrolled; 25 patients (43%) were TN and 33 patients HER2+ (57%). With a median follow-up of 24.2 months, 56 patients completed PCRT and surgery. A total of 35 patients (87.5%) achieved >90% loss of invasive carcinoma cells in the surgical specimen. The 70.8% and the 53.1% of patients with TN and HER-2+ subtype, respectively, achieved complete pathological response (pCR). This is the first study of concurrent neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer in which three strategies were applied simultaneously: fractionation of RT (radiotherapy) in 15 sessions, adjustment of CT to tumor phenotype and local planning by PET. The pCR rates are encouraging