The association among diet, dietary fiber, and bowel preparation at colonoscopy

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pre-colonoscopy dietary restrictions vary widely and lack evidence-based guidance. We investigated whether fiber and various other foods/macronutrients consumed during the 3 days before colonoscopy are associated with bowel preparation quality. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study among patients scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy. Patients received instructions including split-dose polyethylene glycol, avoidance of vegetables/beans 2 days before colonoscopy, and a clear liquid diet the day before colonoscopy. Two 24-hour dietary recall interviews and 1 patient-recorded food log measured dietary intake on the 3 days before colonoscopy. The Nutrition Data System for Research was used to estimate dietary exposures. Our primary outcome was the quality of bowel preparation measured by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). RESULTS: We enrolled 201 patients from November 2015 to September 2016 with complete data for 168. The mean age was 59 years (standard deviation, 7 years), and 90% of colonoscopies were conducted for screening/surveillance. Only 17% and 77% of patients complied with diet restrictions 2 and 1 day(s) before colonoscopy, respectively. We found no association between foods consumed 2 and 3 days before colonoscopy and BBPS scores. However, BPPS was positively associated with intake of gelatin, and inversely associated with intake of red meat, poultry, and vegetables on the day before colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support recent guidelines encouraging unrestricted diets >1 day before colonoscopy if using a split-dose bowel regimen. Furthermore, we found no evidence to restrict dietary fiber 1 day before colonoscopy. We also found evidence to promote consumption of gelatin and avoidance of red meat, poultry, and vegetables 1 day before colonoscopy.Dr Jacobson has acted as a consultant for MOTUS GI and Remedy Partners. All other authors disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this publication. Supported by NIH/NIDDK R21DK105476. (R21DK105476 - NIH/NIDDK)Accepted manuscrip

A micro-magneto-Raman scattering study of graphene on a bulk graphite substrate

We report on a magneto-Raman scattering study of graphene flakes located on the surface of a bulk graphite substrate. By spatially mapping the Raman scattering response of the surface of bulk graphite with an applied magnetic field, we pinpoint specific locations which show the electronic excitation spectrum of graphene. We present the characteristic Raman scattering signatures of these specific locations. We show that such flakes can be superimposed with another flake and still exhibit a graphene-like excitation spectrum. Two different excitation laser energies (514.5 and 720 nm) are used to investigate the excitation wavelength dependence of the electronic Raman scattering signal.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Multiple magneto-phonon resonances in graphene

Our low-temperature magneto-Raman scattering measurements performed on graphene-like locations on the surface of bulk graphite reveal a new series of magneto-phonon resonances involving both K-point and Gamma-point phonons. In particular, we observe for the first time the resonant splitting of three crossing excitation branches. We give a detailed theoretical analysis of these new resonances. Our results highlight the role of combined excitations and the importance of multi-phonon processes (from both K and Gamma points) for the relaxation of hot carriers in graphene.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

A quantum chemical cluster approach to study adsorption of some nitro compounds on the {100} α-quartz surface

This quantum chemical research, carried out using the density functional theory M06-2x DFT method with the 6‑31G(d,p) basis set and the three-layer ONIOM method (Gaussian09 program package), shows that alpha-quartz can moderately adsorb some nitrogen compounds, specifically, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT),2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAn), and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO). The adsorption mechanism for all four considered nitro compounds was found to be similar. The main kind of surface binding is physical adsorption which occurs mainly due to hydrogen bonding, stacking interactions provided additional stabilization. From the Atoms-In-Molecules analysis of the studied systems it can be concluded that the adsorption energy is proportional to the number of intermolecular interactions between the target molecule and the surface. The energetically most favored position of the adsorbates over the mineral surface was found to be the parallel one.Квантовохимическое исследование с использованием теории функционала плотности методом M06-2x/6‑31G(d,p) и методом ONIOM-3 (программа Gaussian09) показало, что α-кварц способен адсорбировать 2,4,6-тринитротолуол, 2,4-динитротолуол, 2,4‑динитро-анизол и 3-нитро-1,2,4-триазол-5. Механизм адсорбции всех четырёх исследованных нитросоединений подобный – главная роль в связывании адсорбата с поверхностью принадлежит водородным связям, а стекинг-взаимодействия способствуют дополнительной стабилизации адсорбционных комплексов. Анализ изученных систем с помощью подхода «Атомы в молекулах» показал, что рассчитанная энергия адсорбции пропорциональна количеству связей между молекулами адсорбата и поверхностью. Установлено, что параллельное расположение молекулы нитросоединения по отношению к поверхности кварца является энергетически наиболее выгодным

Comparative investigation of NbN and Nb–Si–N films: experiment and theory

NbN and Nb–Si–N films have been deposited by magnetron sputtering of the Nb and Si targets on silicon wafers at various powers supplied to the Nb target. The films have been investigated by an atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nanoindentaion and microindentation. The NbN films were nanostructured, and the Nb–Si–N films represented an aggregation of δ-NbNx nanocrystallites embedded into the amorphous CSi₃N₄ matrix (nc-δ-NbNx/a-CSi₃N₄). The annealing of the films in vacuum showed that their intensive oxidation occurred at annealing temperature higher than 600 °C. To explain the experimental results on the Nb–Si–N films, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of the NbN(001)/CSi₃N₄ heterostructures have been carried out.NbN і Nb–Si–N плівки осаджували на кремнієві пластини методом магнетронного розпилення мішеней Nb і Si при різних потужностях розряду на мішені із Nb. Плівки були досліджені за допомогою атомно-силового мікроскопа, дифракції рентгенівських променів, рентгенівської фотоелектронної спектроскопії, нано- і мікроіндентування. NbN плівки були наноструктуровані, тоді як Nb–Si–N плівки являли агрегацію δ-NbNx нанокристалітів, вкраплених в аморфну CSi₃N₄ матрицю (nc-δ-NbNx/ a-CSi₃N₄). Відпал плівок у вакуумі показав, що їх інтенсивне окислення відбувається при температурі вищій, ніж 600 °C. Для пояснення експериментальних результатів по Nb–Si–N плівках проведено моделювання NbN (001)/CSi₃N₄ гетероструктури із перших принципів в рамках молекулярної динаміки.NbN и Nb–Si–N пленки осаждали на кремниевые пластины методом магнетронного распыления мишеней Nb и Si при различных мощностях разряда на мишени с Nb. Пленки были исследованы с помощью атомно-силового микроскопа, дифракции рентгеновских лучей, рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии, нано- и микроиндентирования. NbN пленки были наноструктурированные, тогда как Nb–Si–N пленки представляли агрегацию δ-NbNx нанокристаллитов, вкрапленных в аморфную CSi₃N₄ матрицу (nc-δ-NbNx/a-CSi₃N₄). Отжиг пленок в вакууме показал, что их интенсивное окисление происходит при температуре выше, чем 600 °C. Для объяснения экспериментальных результатов по Nb–Si–N пленках проведено моделирование NbN (001)/CSi₃N₄ гетероструктуры из первых принципов в рамках молекулярной динамики.This work was partially supported by STCU Contract No. 5539. The authors are grateful to Dr. Timofejeva, I. I. and Dr. Dub, S. N. for XRD investigations and nanoindentation of the films. The authors are grateful to the directorate of the Summery Institute at Jackson State University for financial support and the possibility to perform large-scale calculations

Project #82: HFWH Vertical Treatment Zone

Problem Statement: Limited Emergency Department bed capacity and increased acuity resulted in increased left without completing service (LWCS) resulting in increased patient safety risk. Goal: Design a new patient throughput workflow to provide safe, timely and quality patient-centered care resulting in decreased LWSC, decreased arrival to provider times, decreased LOS of the discharged patient, and increased patient satisfaction.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/qualityexpo2023/1007/thumbnail.jp

Electrical switch to the resonant magneto-phonon effect in graphene

We report a comprehensive study of the tuning with electric fields of the resonant magneto-exciton optical phonon coupling in gated graphene. For magnetic fields around $B \sim 25$ T which correspond to the range of the fundamental magneto-phonon resonance, the electron-phonon coupling can be switched on and off by tuning the position of the Fermi level in order to Pauli block the two fundamental inter Landau level excitations. The effects of such a profound change in the electronic excitation spectrum are traced through investigations of the optical phonon response in polarization resolved magneto-Raman scattering experiments. We report on the observation of a splitting of the phonon feature with satellite peaks developing, at particular values of the Landau level filling factor, on the low or on the high energy side of the phonon, depending on the relative energy of the discrete electronic excitation and of the optical phonon. Shifts of the phonon energy as large as $\pm60$ cm$^{-1}$ are observed close to the resonance. The intraband electronic excitation, the cyclotron resonance, is shown to play a relevant role in the observed spectral evolution of the phonon response.Comment: 5 Figure

The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD)

The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) completes the three layers of the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) to make an inner tracking system located inside the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This additional fourth layer provides two dimensional hit position and energy loss measurements for charged particles, improving the extrapolation of TPC tracks through SVT hits. To match the high multiplicity of central Au+Au collisions at RHIC the double sided silicon strip technology was chosen which makes the SSD a half million channels detector. Dedicated electronics have been designed for both readout and control. Also a novel technique of bonding, the Tape Automated Bonding (TAB), was used to fullfill the large number of bounds to be done. All aspects of the SSD are shortly described here and test performances of produced detection modules as well as simulated results on hit reconstruction are given.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl