63 research outputs found

    Digital Transformation of Russia’s Agricultural Sector

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    The paper presents a methodical approach to the assessment of agricultural sector transformation in the conditions of intensive penetration of digital technologies into the economy sector. The authors offer a schematic diagram of data collecting and processing in the start-to-finish automated production-and-marketing chain of activity within the agricultural secto

    Modern features of internet communications in the supply chain management sector in various countries of the world

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    The article is devoted to the problems of information and communication problems and the potential of activity of supply chain management in them. The relationship between the level of increasing the democratization of socio-economic processes and the dialogue between members of the government and society has been reveale

    Активация Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ in vitro послС воздСйствия ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ PI3K/AKT/mTOR

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    Introduction. Current chemotherapy of breast cancer has a wide range of disadvantages, in particular, the development of therapy-related infections and hormonal imbalance. Combination of main cytostatic with glucocorticoids allows to broaden its therapeutic interval and to decrease the total toxicity of the treatment. However, long-term treatment with glucocorticoids leads to the development of severe side effects via activation of multiple molecular mechanisms. Thus, glucocorticoids activate prosurvival mTOR-dependent autophagy. Therefore, the evaluation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) / Akt (protein kinase B) / mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors as adjuvants for breast cancer therapy is important for optimization of treatment protocol.Aim. Analysis of the effects of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin, wortmannin and LY-294002 in combination with glucocorticoids in breast cancer cell lines of different subtypes.Materials and methods. We demonstrated the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the autophagy induction after the treatment of breast cancer cells with rapamycin, wortmannin and LY-294002 by Western blotting analysis of Beclin-1, phospho-Beclin-1 (Ser93 and Ser30).Conclusion. PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in combination with Dexamethasone cooperatively inhibited mTOR signaling and activated autophagy in breast cancer cells in vitro.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π₯имиотСрапия Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр нСдостатков, Π² частности Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ с синтСтичСскими Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ позволяСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ тСрапСвтичСский ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π» ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² основной Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Однако Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² способствуСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ряда ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… эффСктов, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Π° счСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… молСкулярных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. Запуск ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ являСтся mTOR-зависимым, Π² связи с Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ являСтся ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° возмоТности ввСдСния Π² качСствС Π°Π΄ΡŠΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² сигнального ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ PI3K (фосфоинозитид-3‑киназа) / Akt (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π° B) / mTOR (мишСнь Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…).ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· дСйствия ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² PI3K / Akt / mTOR Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ LY-294002 Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° запуск Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… линиях Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гистогСнСза.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ВСстСрн-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½, Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ LY-294002 ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сигнального ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ PI3K / Akt / mTOR ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΡŽ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹, ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ судили ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ уровня ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΠΈ, Beclin-1, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ фосфорилированных Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ phospho-Beclin-1 ΠΏΠΎ остаткам сСрина Ser93 ΠΈ Ser30.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ сигнального ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ PI3K / Akt / mTOR Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с дСксамСтазоном ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ mTOR ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΈΡŽ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π ΠœΠ– in vitro

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²

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    Nanomaterials become more widespread in the different areas of human life, forming the new technosphere philosophy, in particular, new approaches for development and usage of these materials in everyday life, manufacture, medicine etc.The physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials differ significantly from the corresponding indicators of aggregate materials and at least some of them are highly reactive and / or highly catalytic. This suggests their aggressiveness towards biological systems, including involvement in carcinogenesis. The review considers the areas of use of modern nanomaterials, with special attention paid to the description of medicine production using nanotechnologies, an analysis of the mechanisms of action of a number of nanomaterials already recognized as carcinogenic, and also presents the available experimental and mechanistic data obtained from the study of the carcinogenic / procarcinogenic effects of various groups of nanomaterials currently not classified as carcinogenic to humans.Preparing the review, information bases of biomedical literature were analysed: Scopus (307), PubMed (461), Web of Science (268), eLibrary.ru (190) were used. To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, Sci-Hub and eLibrary.ru databases were used.НаноматСриалы ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ всС большСС распространСниС Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… областях ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, формируя Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡŽ тСхносфСры ΠΈ, Π² частности, Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ использованию ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… процСссах, производствС, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€. Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСскиС характСристики Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² сущСствСнно ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… – высокой Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ / ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ каталитичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ биологичСским систСмам, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ участиС Π² процСссах ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°.Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ рассмотрСны сфСры использования соврСмСнных Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом особоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ описанию лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с использованиСм Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² дСйствия Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдставлСны ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ мСханистичСскиС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ / ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ классифицируСмых Π² настоящСС врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°Π· биомСдицинской Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Scopus (507), PubMed (561), Web of Science (268), eLibrary.ru (190). Для получСния полнотСкстовых Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ элСктронныС рСсурсы PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Sci-Hub ΠΈ eLibrary.ru

    Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρƒ онкологичСских Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…: лСкарствСнный ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ

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    Cytostatic drugs used in chemotherapy cause secondary tumors in some patients cured of the antecedent neoplasm. Thus the incidence of secondΒ neoplasia for cancer survivors compared with the general population represents a 4-fold to 6-fold increased risk.The review presents recent dataΒ on the mechanisms of malignant transformation of cells by cytostatics, on the characteristics of high- risk groups associated with congenital polymorphismsΒ of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and DNA repair systems. Increased risk of drug-related cancer was observed in patients withΒ high activity of P450 isoforms, transforming cytotoxic prodrugs into the active electrophilic metabolites and low level of detoxifying enzymes. AllΒ things being equal the risk of therapy related neoplasia is higher in patients with low activity of DNA repair enzymes. It is evaluated the possibilityΒ of experimental study of new targeted drugs carcinogenic potential in order to minimize the future risk of secondary malignancies.Цитостатики, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π² Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ новообразования. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом риск возникновСния Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ послС излСчСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² 4–6 Ρ€Π°Π·Β ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ популяциСй. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ соврСмСнныС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ злокачСствСнной трансформации клСток цитостатиками, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ риска, связанного с Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ систСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ксСнобиотиков и Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π”ΠΠš. Наибольший риск лСкарствСнных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с высокой Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΒ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π 450, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ транспортныС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ цитостатиков Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈ с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΒ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ риска входят Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π”ΠΠš. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ возмоТности исслСдования ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² экспСримСнтС Π² цСлях ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ риска возникновСния Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, обусловлСнных Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²

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    The mechanisms of anticancerogenic effects of flavanoids and isocyanates from the plants widely consumed in the midland belt of RussiaΒ were reviewed. Data of studies both in vitro and in vivo were analyzed. Special attention was paid to inhibition of targets responsible forΒ carcinogen metabolic activation, carcinogenesis promotion and tumor progression as well as neoangiogenesis. Besides that the antioxidantΒ properties of flavonoids and their effects on cell cycle regulation, apoptosis initiation and cell mobility were considered.ЦСлью прСдставлСнного ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ряда соСдинСний, ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ употрСбляСмых Π² срСднСй полосС. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдований Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия этих соСдинСний Π² экспСримСнтах in vitro ΠΈ in vivo, рассмотрСны мишСни ингибирования дСйствия химичСских ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Β Π² Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, антиоксидантныС эффСкты Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², влияниС ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ канцСрогСнных соСдинСний, процСссы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ прогрСссии ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, цитоскСлСт ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·

    Π’Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ – Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π”ΠΠš

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    Trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis) is an alkaloid that was originally isolated from the Caribbean Sea squirt, Ecteinascidia turbinata and is now produced synthetically. Its chemical structure consists in three fused tetrahydroisoquinoline rings. Two of them, A and B, binds covalently to guanine residues in the minor groove of the DNA double helix to bend the molecule toward the major groove and the third ring C protrudes from the DNA duplex, apparently allowing interactions with several nuclear proteins. Binding to the minor groove of DNA, trabectedin trigger a cascade of events that interfere with several transcription factors, DNA binding proteins, and DNA repair pathways in particular nucleotide excision repair. It acts both as a DNA-alkylating drug and topoisomerase poison. Trabectedin-DNA adduct traps the nucleotide excision repair proteins repairing the DNA damage in transcribing genes and induces DNA strand breaks. Cells deficient in homologous recombination pathway which repairs these double-strand breaks show increased sensitivity to trabectedin. The most sensitive of them were myxoid liposarcomas. Trabectedin is also effective in chemotherapy-experienced patients with advanced, recurrent liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma as well as in women with ovarian cancer and breast cancer with BRCAness phenotype. Besides of tumor cells Trabectedin inhibits inflammatory cells by affecting directly monocytes and tumorassociated macrophages and indirectly by inhibiting production of inflammatory mediators, the cytokines and chemokines. It inhibits also the MDR-1 gene, which is responsible for the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and strikes tumor angiogenesis.Π’Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ (Trabectedin, ET-743, Yondelis) – Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· бСспозвоночного обитатСля ΠšΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бассСйна Ecteinascidia turbinate, Π² настоящСС врСмя производится синтСтичСски. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π° содСрТит 3 Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, 2 ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ с Π³ΡƒΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π”ΠΠš ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρƒ Π² сторону ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π° 3-я находится Π²Π½Π΅ дуплСкса ΠΈ прСпятствуСт Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ транскрипционных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² с Π”ΠΠš. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ этого индуцируСтся каскад событий, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… связываниС транскрипционных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² с Π”ΠΠš ΠΈ процСссы эксцизионной Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ с ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈ цСпями Π”ΠΠš, Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ сшивки, Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π·. Аддукты Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ эксцизионной Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, прСпятствуя ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ индуцируя Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Ρ‹ Π”ΠΠš. ΠšΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, которая Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Ρ‹, особо Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ. По этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ чувствитСлСн ряд ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ миксоидныС липосаркомы, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΠΊ яичников ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹ с ΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ BRCA1 ΠΈ BRCA2. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ сарком, ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСзистСнтными ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» тСрапСвтичСскоС дСйствиС. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ процСсс ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ опухолСассоциированных ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ опосрСдованного воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²: Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π’Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Π³Π΅Π½Π° MDR-1, отвСтствСнного Π·Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈ прСпятствуСт Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Ρƒ

    EFFECT OF UROKINASE GENE-KNOCKOUT ON GROWTH OF MELANOMA IN EXPERIMENT

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    The purpose of the study was to reveal special features of the Π’16/F10 melanoma growth in urokinase (uPA) geneΒ knockout mice with and without chronic neurogenic pain (CNP). Material and methods. The study included male andΒ female Π‘57Π’L/6 mice (n = 102) and C57BL/6-Plautm1.1BugThisPlauGFDhu/GFDhu mice with uPA gene knockoutΒ  (n = 48). Mice of the main subgroups underwent subcutaneous transplantation of Π’16/F10 melanoma 2 weeks afterΒ bilateral ligation of sciatic nerves (CNP model); mice of the same strain with standard melanoma transplantation servedΒ as controls. Results and discussion. Survival of uPA gene knockout mice did not differ from that of normal animals – 1.5 times higher in females than in males (p < 0.05), with melanoma onset in gene-deficient mice a week earlier. TheΒ dynamics of tumor growth had pronounced gender differences: in females, the tumor did not grow and its maximalΒ volume prior to death was 1.0 cm3, while tumors in males were characterized by an active growth with two peaks ofΒ volume increase (weeks 2 and 4). Melanoma was weakly metastatic – solitary metastases to the lungs (in females) orΒ no metastases, but pulmonary and heart hemorrhages were noted (in males). CNP decreased the survival of uPA geneΒ knockout females, as well as of normal animals, but did not influence the survival of males; primary tumors in genedeficientΒ mice appeared a few days later than in controls but their growth was more intense, with diminished genderΒ differences. Increased metastasis was manifested by the initiation of metastatic lesions to the lungs and liver in males,Β with maintained pulmonary hemorrhages, and by increased number of metastatic foci in the lungs together with theΒ appearance of pulmonary hemorrhages in females. Conclusions. The influence of uPA gene knockout on the courseΒ of Π’16/F10 melanoma differs in male and female mice. CNP enhances malignant tumor growth, diminishing genderΒ differences, and activates melanoma metastasis

    Π­Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ биосфСры

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    The main aim of the study is to analyze modern knowledge on endocrine disruptors, non-genotoxic carcinogens, contributing significantly to the total level of contamination of the biosphere by anthropogenic blastomogens.Material and Methods. For the review preparation, we analyzed articles on molecular mechanisms of the effects of endocrine disruptors, available at biomedical literature databases sciVerse scopus, pubmed, Web of science, Rsci. The review cited 65 recent publications, 21 of them being published over the past three years, 3 papers being the official documents on hazards associated with the use of endocrine disruptors, and 10 papers presenting a background to separate endocrine disruptors into the group of compounds with specific functional activity.Results. The role of endocrine disruptors involves the development of the tumors of reproductive organs. They may reveal the properties of strong agonists or antagonists disrupting the hormonal balance by inhibition of the synthesis of natural hormones, their secretion, transport, metabolism, binding or degradation. In addition, they activate alternative proliferation signaling pathways by activating g-proteincoupled receptors, estrogen-bound eRRΞ³ or/and Ξ²-adrenergic receptors. The main mechanism of action of endocrine disruptors is the induction of epigenetic modifications, in particular, methylation/demethylation of cpg dNa islands, histone modifications and changes in expression of non-coding RNa. since the effects of endocrine disruptors are nonlinear, they can be caused by concentrations corresponding to the real content in the biosphere and detected in the umbilical blood and breast milk. In addition, they contribute to the metabolic activation of the procarcinogens, the main component of air pollution, by activation of the cytochrome p450 isoforms.Conclusion. Endocrine disruptors can underlie the development of tumors of hormone-dependent organs both at direct and transplacental exposure.ЦСль исслСдования – ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ влиянию эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², вносящих сущСствСнный Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ загрязнСния биосфСры Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ксСнобиотиками, Π½Π° процСсс ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ эффСктов эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… биомСдицинской Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ sciVerse scopus, pubmed, Web of science, РИНЦ. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ 65 соврСмСнных ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… 21 Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… послСдних Π»Π΅Ρ‚, 3 ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ рискам, сопряТСнным с использованиСм эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π° 10 статСй относятся ΠΊ публикациям, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ прСдпосылки для выдСлСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. НаиболСС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ злокачСствСнных Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния Π² качСствС агонистов ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ антагонистов Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ баланс ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, синтСз СстСствСнных Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, транспорт, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, связываниС ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, активируя Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, сопряТСнныС с g-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, эстрогСн-связанный Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ eRRΞ³, Ξ²-Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ ряд Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…. Одним ΠΈΠ· основных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² дСйствия эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² являСтся влияниС Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅/Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ cpg островков Π”ΠΠš, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ гистонов ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… РНК. Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ ряда эндокринных Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ экспозиции ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Ρ‹ концСнтрациями, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² биосфСрС ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ТСнском ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, активируя ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π 450, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ мСтаболичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² смСси с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡΠ·Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ биосфСру. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом эндокринныС Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ риск развития злокачСствСнных Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½-зависимых ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСпосрСдствСнной экспозиции ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ трансплацСнтарного воздСйствия.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π­Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, относящиСся ΠΊ нСгСнотоксичным ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ распространСнными загрязнСниями ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды. ΠΠ°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ функционирования Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½-рСспонсивных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, эти соСдинСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ/ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ процСссы ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°
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