41 research outputs found

    Prevalence of Locomotory System Disorders in Veal Calves and Risk Factors for Occurrence of Bursitis

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    The study aimed to assess the prevalence of locomotory system disorders within a wide cross-sectional study in 174 veal calves farms and to investigate risk factors associated to disorders with a relevant prevalence (>1%). A representative sample of the European veal production systems was considered in the three major producing countries (100 in NL, 50 in FR, 24 in IT). One batch/farm was observed in three stages of the fattening. At each visit calves with evidence of bursitis, hoof lesions, joint lesions, and lameness were recorded. A set of production system descriptors gathered by an interview to the farmer were considered as potential risks. Results showed an average prevalence ≀1% of calves for hoof and joint lesions, and lameness at any stage. Bursitis was observed on 0.2%, 4.1% and 11.2% of calves at 3, 13 wks and at the end of fattening, respectively. Risk factors for bursitis were linked to concrete and wooden slatted floors, to space allowance ≀1.8 m2/calf, and floors aged <8 years while type of housing system (small vs. large groups) was not relevant. There was a significant interaction between stage of fattening and type of floor on bursitis. At the early stage, slatted and bedded floor were similar while at the end of the fattening the highest least mean was observed for calves on concrete floors. Bedding materials had a preventive effect. Rubber or straw should be largely adopted for veal calves as alternative solutions to hard floors in order to improve animals’ comfort, locomotory system health and welfare status

    Study of the economic impact of cryptosporidiosis in calves after implementing good practices to manage the disease on dairy farms in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands

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    Cryptosporidium spp. are widespread parasitic protozoans causing enteric infections in humans and animals. The parasites cause neonatal diarrhoea in calves, leading to a high mortality rate in the first 3 weeks. Losses are significant for farmers, but the cost of cryptosporidiosis remains poorly documented. In the absence of a vaccine, only preventive measures are available to farmers to combat the infection. This study, conducted between 2018 and 2021, aimed to evaluate the economic impact of Cryptosporidium spp. on European dairy farms and monitor changes in costs after implementing disease management measures. First, a field survey was carried out and questionnaires administered to 57 farmers in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The aim of the survey was to assess the losses associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in calves aged between 3 days and 3 weeks. The economic impact of diarrhoea was calculated based on mortality losses, health expenditures, and additional labour costs. To refine the cost estimation specifically for Cryptosporidium spp., stool samples were collected from 10 calves per farm. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was determined, and the economic impact of diarrhoea was adjusted accordingly. The assumption was made that a certain percentage of costs was attributed to cryptosporidiosis based on the prevalence. These protocols were repeated at the end of the study to observe changes in costs. In the three years, the cost of diarrhoea for the 28 farms that stayed in the panel all along the study improved from €140 in 2018 to €106 on average per diarrhoeic calf in 2021. With a stable prevalence at 40%, the cost of cryptosporidiosis per infected calf decreased from €60.62 to €45.91 in Belgium, from €43.83 to €32.14 in France, and from €58.24 to €39.48 in the Netherlands. This represented an average of €15 saved per infected calf. The methodology employed in this study did not allow us to conclude that the improvement is strictly due to the implementation of preventive measures. However, with 11 million calves raised in the Interreg 2 Seas area covered by the study, it provided valuable insights into the economic burden of Cryptosporidium spp

    L'observation du troupeau bovin

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    Comment observer son troupeau ? Quels signes observer ? Quelles dĂ©cisions prendre ? GrĂące Ă  cet ouvrage et les mĂ©thodes proposĂ©es, les auteurs donnent aux Ă©leveurs des clĂ©s pour : comprendre le comportement des bovins ; amĂ©liorer leur bien-ĂȘtre ; garantir le maintien ou l’amĂ©lioration des performances techniques et la qualitĂ© de la production. Cette nouvelle version de l’ouvrage qui a connu un vĂ©ritable succĂšs depuis sa premiĂšre parution, intĂšgre de nouveaux chapitres et paragraphes pour mieux intĂ©grer les enjeux des changements climatiques sur le comportement du troupeau, mais aussi mieux tenir compte des capacitĂ©s cognitives des bovins dans la gestion de l’élevage au quotidien. Les apports thĂ©oriques sont trĂšs bien Ă©clairĂ©s par des situations d’élevage permettant de dĂ©celer l’ensemble des anomalies les plus courantes (changement de comportement, perturbations mĂ©taboliques, boiteries
). Pour chaque cas, le lecteur trouvera des solutions et pourra en inventer de nouvelles grĂące Ă  des grilles d’analyse, vĂ©ritable outil d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour l’éleveur

    Varia

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    Cryptosporidium infection in a veal calf cohort in France: molecular characterization of species in a longitudinal study.

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    International audienceABSTRACT: Feces from 142 animals were collected on 15 farms in the region of Brittany, France. Each sample was directly collected from the rectum of the animal and identified with the ear tag number. Animals were sampled three times, at 5, 15 and 22 weeks of age. After DNA extraction from stool samples, nested PCR was performed to amplify partial 18S-rDNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein genes of Cryptosporidium. The parasite was detected on all farms. One hundred out of 142 calves (70.4%) were found to be parasitized by Cryptosporidium. Amplified fragments were sequenced for Cryptosporidium species identification and revealed the presence of C. parvum (43.8%), C. ryanae (28.5%), and C. bovis (27%). One animal was infected with Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. The prevalence of these species was related to the age of the animal. C. parvum caused 86.7% of Cryptosporidium infections in 5-week-old calves but only 1.7% in 15-week-old animals. The analysis of the results showed that animals could be infected successively by C. parvum, C. ryanae, and C. bovis for the study period. C. parvum gp60 genotyping identifies 6 IIa subtypes of which 74.5% were represented by IIaA15G2R1. This work confirms previous studies in other countries showing that zoonotic C. parvum is the dominant species seen in young calves

    DĂ©veloppement d’un systĂšme innovant pour le logement des truies parturientes et allaitantes

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    National audienceLe dĂ©veloppement de logements pendant la phase de mise-bas et la lactation pour assurer le bien-ĂȘtre de la truie et des porcelets tout en maintenant une efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique, et donc la durabilitĂ© de l’élevage, est un challenge en production porcine. Des Ă©tudes expĂ©rimentales ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es sur des systĂšmes alternatifs combinant l’enrichissement du milieu de vie et la libertĂ© de la truie, avec une Ă©valuation des performances, en particulier la survie nĂ©onatale (Baxter et al, 2012). Les objectifs de ce projet Ă©taient de proposer un ou des prototypes de systĂšmes alternatifs de logement des truies en phase de mise-bas lactation en suivant une dĂ©marche d’innovation en s'inspirant de la mĂ©thode de "conception innovante" basĂ©e sur la thĂ©orie C-K (Concept-Knowledge), permettant une expansion des concepts (imaginer en quoi pourrait consister le logement de truies parturientes ou allaitantes) et des connaissances (quelles connaissances sont associĂ©es/nĂ©cessaires Ă  ces concepts). Le travail a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© en trois Ă©tapes : 1/ explorer, par les techniques d’innovation, des voies de logement possibles pour la truie parturiente et allaitante, en s’appuyant sur les compĂ©tences de l’ISA de Lille, 2/ identifier des prototypes Ă  partir des concepts de maternitĂ© innovante issus de la premiĂšre Ă©tape en s’appuyant sur le travail d’un groupe d’experts du secteur de l’élevage et de la recherche 3/ dĂ©velopper un prototype dans les installations de Pegase et des programmes de recherche associĂ©s. La premiĂšre Ă©tape a permis un foisonnement d’idĂ©es autour des concepts de «libertĂ© contrainte», «logement", "truie", "mise-bas/lactation", et l’émergence d’une diversitĂ© de points de vue au sein de groupes focus (gĂ©nĂ©ticiens, Ă©thologistes, ergonomistes, docteurs, vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, citoyens, Ă©tudiants
). Trois mĂ©thodes ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es en fonction du niveau de connaissance des personnes sur le sujet : 1/ “AdvanceSystematic Inventive Thinking” (naĂŻfs), 2/ brainstorming (niveau limitĂ©), 3/ interview tĂ©lĂ©phonique d’experts pour recueillir leur avis sur les 74 idĂ©es de concepts Ă©mergeant des deux premiers groupes (experts). Quinze concepts de maternitĂ© innovante ont Ă©mergĂ©, intĂ©grant quatre principes de base : maintien de la relation mĂšre-jeune, protection des jeunes, enrichissement du milieu de vie, zones de vie distinctes pour la truie et sa portĂ©e (rapport IngĂ©nieurs 2013, EAAP 2013). La seconde partie du projet a portĂ© sur l’évaluation de quatre scĂ©narios de logement respectant les quatre principes de base, avec la perspective d’un amĂ©nagement d’une salle d’élevage de l’unitĂ© Pegase. Pour chacun des scĂ©narios, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s la faisabilitĂ© technique et les possibilitĂ©s de programmes scientifiques prĂ©vus en particulier sur le comportement alimentaire et social (maternel, relation homme-animal), le comportement d’excrĂ©tion, les besoins et l’utilisation des surfaces par les animaux. Un scĂ©nario a Ă©tĂ© privilĂ©giĂ©, consistant en cinq loges de 10 m2 sur sol paillĂ©, Ă©quipĂ©es d’un dispositif alimentaire pour la truie et d’un nid Ă  porcelet. Les truies ont un accĂšs Ă  une zone alimentaire commune Ă©quipĂ©e d’un Distributeur Automatique de ConcentrĂ© ainsi qu’un accĂšs Ă  l’extĂ©rieur du bĂątiment. L’ensemble du dispositif s’appuiera sur les outils de l’élevage de prĂ©cision (distributeur alimentaire informatisĂ©, accĂ©lĂ©romĂštres pour l’activitĂ© physique, videotracking, 
)
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