Macropattern of Styloid and Druse Crystals in Quillaja (Quillajaceae) Bark and Leaves

Quillaja has been shuffled among tribes and subfamilies of Rosaceae, segregated from it as a separate family, and, most recently, transferred to the Fabales as a separate family. Many anomalous characters have kept it from being settled anywhere permanently. One character never mentioned by systematists, but long known, is the anomalous (for Rosaceae) occurrence of prominent styloid calcium oxalate crystals, reported from the inner bark of stems. We describe in more detail the macropattern of crystal distribution in stem and leaf, using vibratome sections, sodium hypochlorite clearings of leaves, and polarizing and scanning electron microscopy. Styloids are extremely numerous in the phloem of stems, and they continue in phloem of the short petiole and midrib bundle and in main lateral veins of the leaf lamina. Druses, never reported before, occur in cortex and pith of young stems (not seen in old stems) and are numerous in the spongy mesophyll, but not the palisade mesophyll, of the leaf lamina. Styloids occur in three of the four families of the newly constituted Fabales. Styloids in phloem, along with fiber strands, may provide a barrier to protect from bark borers and similar pests

Tracheoid Idioblasts in Chenopodiaceae: A Review and New Observations on Salicornia virginica

Tracheoid idioblasts in the Chenopodiaceae have been reported in about 30 species of Salicornia and Arthrocnemum. These cells vary in size, shape, wall pattern, abundance, and spatial relation to vascular bundles. Most investigators have reported, or shown them to be unattached to vascular bundles. Tracheoid idioblasts in our examples of Salicornia virginica L., from two California coastal sites and a coastal site in Washington, were never connected to vascular bundles. The cortex of flowering and vegetative shoots contained helical-walled tracheids, whereas reticulate and pitted cells occurred only in flowering shoots. Elongate spicular cells with 2° walls were found in both types of shoot, just outside of the stele

An Annotated Bibliography and Subject Index on Female Reproductive Anatomy and Fertilization in Angiosperms

This bibliographical compilation is in two parts. One is coupled with a tabulated subject index of works on female reproductive anatomy and fertilization in angiosperms. It emphasizes papers published between 1965 and 1980, but a few citations predating 1966 are included. Although some entries are primarily methodological works, papers dealing strictly with experimental techniques, apomixis per se, incompatibility per se, floral morphology per se, teratological papers, abstracts, theses, and dissertations, have been omitted intentionally. The second bibliography encompasses theoretical discussions, broad summaries, review papers, books, other secondary sources, and some primary references covering a wide taxonomic range. It is indexed by author only

A Distinctive Seed Coat Pattern in the Vicieae (Papilionoideae; Leguminosae)

A distinctive seed coat pattern, which contrasts with that of about 200 other genera of papilionoid legumes, is evident in 47 species of 4 genera of tribe Vicieae. A conspicuous papillose pattern, seen at magnifications of 50X or higher, is caused by protrusions from the tips of malpighian cells of the epidermis. The hilar rim is quite reduced, a rare feature elsewhere in the subfamily. These two characters, and the elongate hilum noted by others, strengthen the definition of this tribe

Sphagnum Taxa and Their Distribution in Iowa

Sphagnum was known previously from eight counties in Iowa based on documented specimens. Undocumented collections were also reported from Buchanan, Cedar, and Johnson Counties. We have added four new species (S. compactum, S. fimbriatum, S. squarrosum, and S. warnstorfii) and three new varieties (S. subsecundum var. subsecundum, S. recurvum var. amblyphyllum, and S. recurvum var. recurvum) to the state flora, and four new stations in three counties (Black Hawk, Iowa, and Marion) where sphagnum was previously unknown. Sphagnum is presently represented in Iowa by documented collections of 13 taxa from 13 stations in 9 counties, mostly in the eastern third of the state

Testa Topography in Leguminosae, Subfamily Papilionoideae

Seeds of 340 species of 150 genera from 30 of the 32 tribes of Papilionideae were examined by SEM. Nine categories of testa patterns were established: levigate (smooth), rugulate (irregularly roughened), substriate (short parallel ridges), simple reticulate (meshwork of ridges enclosing single cells), multi-reticulate (primary plus secondary ridges), simple-foveolate (single cell ends isolated by grooves), multifoveolate (unit of several cells surrounded by grooves), lophate (short ridges with irregular sides), and papillose (single protruding epidermal cells). Patterns in about 85% of species are most conspicuous near the hilum, becoming attenuated or disappearing toward midseed. Vicieae, Trifolieae, and Cicereae, however, typically retain the pattern all over. Some tribes showed a variety of patterns, others had dominant patterns (Robineae and Phaseoleae-rugulate, Psoraleeae and Amorpheae-lophate, Vicieae and Trifolieae-papillose, Loteae and Coronilleaereticulate). Cicereae has large multicelluar plates which bulge or protrude conically or as long spines. Mirbelieae has an extremely thick rugulate cuticle underlain by an amorphous substance. Testa patterns seem taxonomically significant within or between certain tribes, but they do not identify broad evolutionary trends

Binucleate Tapetum in Two Species of Lysimachia (Primulaceae)

A binucleate tapetum occurs in L. hybrida Michx. and L. quadriflora Sims, based on Iowa material. Conclusions of Wunderlich (1954) and Davis (1966) are incomplete and are discussed. Primulaceae is the 12th family of angiosperms with uninucleate as well as bi- or multinucleate taxa

Development of Air Passages, and Crystal Distribution, in the Stem of Bacopa caroliniana (Scrophulariaceae)

About 20 vertical air passages occur in each internode, separated at each node by a solid diaphragm of parenchyma, in which leaf traces depart. Air passages are schizogenous and begin to form just below the shoot apex. This may be the first report of druse crystals in Scrophulariaceae. Druses become visible in the second nodal plate below the shoot apex. In the mature stem, druses are more common in nodes, but they also occur in internodes. The stele appears to be an ectophloic siphonostele, without separate vascular bundles at any stage of development. This appears to be a good species for further study by electron microscopy

Floral Vasculature as a Potential Taxonomic Character in Dalea (Leguminosae)

Flowers from 15 species of the genus Dalea (Leguminosae) were cleared and stained. Complete isolation of the xylem of the gynoecium, androecium and corolla from the pedicel xylem was found except in two species. The most obvious feature was the discontinuity plate formed by the merger of the xylem of the gynoecial traces in a characteristic mass of tracheoidal cells near the base of the flower. Variation in the floral vascular pattern appears to have taxonomic implications