Acquaintance and satisfaction with the work of the Commission for the Prevention of Corruption among residents of Pomurje

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je ugotoviti, kako prebivalci Pomurja poznajo Komisijo za preprečevanje korupcije (KPK) in kako so zadovoljni z njenim delom. Metode: Prispevek temelji na pregledu domačih in tujih strokovnih ter znanstvenih del na področju preprečevanja korupcije, na podlagi katere je bil oblikovan vprašalnik. Z uporabo statističnega orodja SPSS so opravljene statistične analize, s pomočjo katerih smo lahko uspešno odgovorili na zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja. Ugotovitve: Med izpraševanci Pomurja na (ne)zadovoljstvo z delom KPK najbolj vplivata ocena sodelovanja KPK z drugimi institucijami in ocena profesionalnosti ter integritete. Ugotavljamo, da na (ne)zadovoljstvo z delom KPK nimata vpliva ocena narave njenega dela in zaznava korupcije v Pomurju. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: Vzorčenje v naši raziskavi ni bilo opravljeno verjetnostno, zato rezultatov raziskave ne moremo posplošiti na celotno populacijo. Zaradi krajšega časa zbiranja podatkov je naš vzorec dokaj majhen (N = 164). Praktična uporabnost: Raziskovalni model in rezultati predstavljajo zelo dobro izhodišče za prihodnje raziskovanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na oblikovanje mnenja, ki izhaja iz rezultatov naše raziskave. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Tovrstna raziskava v Sloveniji še ni bila opravljena, kar predstavlja izvirnost prispevka na tem področju in spodbuja predvsem mlade raziskovalce za raziskovanje mnenja prebivalcev o tovrstnih institucijah in raziskovanju dejavnikov, ki oblikujejo takšno mnenje ter posledično omogoča izboljšave

MODELING DECISION KNOWLEDGE FOR NON-PAYERS

Problem v podjetju mobilnega operaterja so neplačniki računov. Neplačniki nastanejo tako, da ne plačajo svojih računov, kljub temu, da jim pošljejo opomine in jih opozorijo pred izključitvijo telefonske številke, tukaj pa pride do problemov, ker določene stranke ne morejo poplačati svojih dolgov. Namen diplomske naloge je, pregledati vsakega neplačnika, saj med temi neplačniki obstaja določen odstotek, ki tega dolga ne bodo mogli poplačati zaradi določenih kriterijev, ki jih omenjamo v diplomski nalogi. Tako ne bo prišlo do tožbe in izbrano podjetje si ne bo delalo dodatnih stroškov. Pri tem problemu si pomagamo s teorijo ekspertnih sistemov in odločitvenih dreves. Pri odločitvenih drevesih nam najbolj pomaga zgradba odločitvenih dreves, saj tako pravilno narišemo odločitveno drevo. Morebitni rezultati se ne bodo takoj pokazali. Potreben bo čas in potrpežljivost, vendar se s to rešitvijo ukvarjajo določeni strokovni delavci, ne pa pravniki, kakor je bilo do sedaj. S tem se bo podjetje zaščitilo in tožeče stranke, ki niso zmožne poplačati dolga, bodo dali v odpis oziroma arhiv. Z odločitvenimi drevesi se bodo odločali zaposleni, ki bodo strokovno izobraženi v tej smeri, saj so zdaj o tem problemu, ki je znotraj podjetja, odločali pravniki. Pravniki bodo imeli čas za druge pravne zadeve, ne pa več za neplačnike, kar jim je vzelo precej časa.The problem in mobile network company is the people who do not pay their bills. People become non-payers by not paying their bills, in spite of the fact that they receive warnings and are warned before the company turns off their phone number. The problems that arise from this are customers who can\u27t pay their debts. The purpose of this thesis is to check every non-payer, because there is a certain percent of these non-payers who will not be able to pay their debt due to certain criteria mentioned in this thesis. In this manner there will be no lawsuit and the company will not have extra expenses. The help that can be used with dealing with this problem is the theory of expert systems and decision trees. What helps the most with these trees is their structure. In this way we can correctly draw the decision tree. The possible results will not appear instantly. Time and patience are needed. However, certain expert workers are dealing with this issue and not legal experts, the way it was done so far. By this the company protects itself and the sued customers who cannot pay their debt will be written off or archived. These decision trees will be used by expert employees with the knowledge of this issue, because so far legal experts dealt with this problem within the company. The latter will have time for other legal issues and not the issue with non-payers, which was very time-consuming

Knowledge of preventive institutions work on the subject of corruption in Slovenia and satisfaction with their work among citizens of Pomurje

Korupcija kot najbolj deviantni in odklonski pojav predstavlja grožnjo slehernemu področju, kjer se pojavi. Na letni ravni državo stane velike vsote denarja, zato je potrebno stremeti predvsem k njenemu preprečevanju. V Sloveniji je z zakonodajo dokaj zgodaj bila ustanovljena Komisija za preprečevanje korupcije, katere namen je delovanje na področju integritete in preventive ter preiskovanje in nadzorovanje koruptivnih ravnanj. Legitimnost delovanja takšne institucije je predvsem delovanje v dobrobit organizacijam, ki s pomočjo Komisije lahko zagotovijo protikorupcijski načrt organizacije s t. i. načrtom integritete. Posledično je takšno delovanje usmerjeno tudi v dobrobit vseh ljudi, torej javnosti, saj je (ali bi vsaj morala biti) ne-skorumpirana družba cilj vsakega vodstva države. Povezava med javnostjo in institucijo za preprečevanje korupcije je vitalnega pomena za nadzorovano vključenost javnosti v delo protikorupcijske komisije in legitimizacijo njihovega dela. V raziskavi je bil dobljen širši vpogled v mnenje prebivalcev Pomurja o delovanju Komisije. Ugotovljeno je bilo nezadovoljstvo z delom Komisije, na kar imata vpliv ocena sodelovanja Komisije z drugimi institucijami, ki je ocenjeno kot dobro, ter ocena profesionalnosti in integritete zaposlenih. Čeprav so Pomurci mnenja, da je delo Komisije stresno, zahtevno in kompleksno, to ne vpliva na zadovoljstvo z njihovim delom. Povezave med vplivom zaznave korupcije v Pomurju z zadovoljstvom z delom ni bilo zaznati. Pomurci ocenjujejo, da je koruptivnih dejanj v Pomurju veliko, seznanjenost z uspešnim delom Komisije na tem področju pa jim vseeno ne daje občutka varnosti. V zaključku je bilo ugotovljeno, da Pomurci ne zaupajo delu Komisije in z njim niso zadovoljni, razumejo pa pomen in obstoj ter funkcijo Komisije.Corruption represents a threat to every area where it appears because of its deviant nature. On a yearly basis it costs a lot of money which is lost because of it and that is the reason why it should be rather prevented. Slovenia as a country set the rule of law on the topic of preventing corruption very early and considered a formation of an independent institution for preventing and monitoring corruption. Legitimacy of such institutions comes from working along with every organization ruled by law and helping to implement anti-corruption policy which is obligated with integrity plan. Such work is also considered as working for public good, because every country’s goal is (or at least it should be) non-corrupt society. The support of civil society is key factor at it since it can help anti-corruption agencies in many ways and forms to eliminate corruption risks. We researched public opinion about the perception of anti-corruption agency’s work in Pomurje. It was conducted that people living in Pomurje region are not satisfied with anti-corruption agency’s work in Slovenia. Cooperation with other institutions and professionalism and integrity have a significant effect on satisfaction with anti-corruption agency’s work Although people living in Pomurje believe that anti-corruption agency’s work is stressful, difficult and complex, this does not influence the satisfaction with it. It was also not perceived the connection between satisfaction with anti-corruption agency’s work and the perception of corruption in Pomurje. People estimate that there is a lot of corruption crimes in Pomurje but the awareness of successful investigations does not make them feel safe. It was conducted that people living in Pomurje do not trust anti-corruption agency’s work but they know the meaning of it and understand its role in public

Corruption and the referee expertise

Korupcija predstavlja grožnjo na slehernem področju, kjer se pojavi. Obstaja že od nekdaj, njen pomen pa se skozi zgodovino spreminja. Posebej zaskrbljujoče je, ko se pojavi na področjih, ki se proti njej borijo, na primer policija in sodišče. V takih institucijah korupcija izpodbija temelje, ki so zapisani v zakonodaji, pravilnikih, načrtih in podobno. Ker pri koruptivnih dejanjih nimamo klasične žrtve, jo je zelo težko odkrivati. Ob koruptivnem dejanju imata tako dajalec podkupnine kot prejemnik oziroma storilec korist. O njej, razen ob prijavah, ki potem postanejo predmet raziskovanja in nadzorovanja, javnost ne izve ničesar. V primeru prijave, akterji, ki so vpleteni v dejanje, poskrbijo, da se o kaznivem dejanju čim manj izve. Ključni element pri tem predstavljajo mediji. Kar je o korupciji znanega, objavijo novinarji, ki spremljajo sojenja in tekom celotne preiskave zbirajo informacije o primerih. Sodno izvedenstvo je del kazenskega postopka, kjer lahko pride do koruptivnih dejanj. Sodni izvedenec je strokovnjak na določenem področju, ima primerno znanje in pristojnost oziroma dolžnost, da sodišču pri določenih primerih pomaga. Prav zaradi svoje vloge, ki je v določenih primerih ključnega pomena, saj sodniki svojo razsodbo ali končno sodbo oprejo na izvedenčevo mnenje, lahko stranka, ki je v postopku premožnejša, izbere lažjo pot do »zmage« na sodišču. Slovenski sodni sistem ne vodi evidence, kjer bi sodišče pred izbiro izvedenca lahko preverilo, kolikokrat je izvedenec mnenje podal in kakšno vlogo je mnenje imelo na končni izid. Sodniki najpogosteje izberejo izvedenca, s katerimi imajo izkušnje iz prejšnjih primerov. V Sloveniji so mediji za javnost ključnega pomena pri poročanju o korupciji, saj so njihovi članki objavljeni v časopisih, na spletu in podobno. Prav tako veliko javno dostopnih informacij najdemo na spletni strani Komisije za preprečevanje korupcije.Corruption presents a threat in every area where it appears. It exists since always but the definition of it has changed through time. It is especially alarming when it appears in areas where there is fought against it, for example police and justice. In this kind of institutions corruption works against the law, rules, plans, etc. Corruption knows no victims therefore it is very hard to investigate. The one who gives the bribe and the one who takes it have both benefit out of it. So public do not know it happened except when one of the two actors report the other. Then the investigation and controlling over the case starts and maybe it becomes a public news. In some occasions even if there was the report, actors make sure it does not come out to public and nobody knows about it. The main key here is the media. What we read or hear about corruption is published by reporters who follow the trial and gather information about such cases. The refree expertise is a part of the criminal proceeding, when corruption may happen. The refree is an expert who has proper knowledge in specific field and has the ability to help on the court. His role is in some cases the main reason for how the judge manage his opinion at the end of the trail and that is why the refree can be a target for the client which is wealthier to make an offer about fake professional opinion on the court and therefore wins the case. In Slovenia the court system does not have a list of those who already gave their professional opinion once and the judge could not check how many times the refree gave a good opinion or how his opinion affected the conclusion of the trail. Most of the time the judge picks the refree he is familiar with from the previous cases. In Slovenia the media is the main key which report about corruption because their articles are published in the newspaper and on the social media, etc. A lot of information we can also find on the website of committee for prevent corruption (Komisija za preprečevanje korupcije)