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Corruption and the referee expertise

Abstract

Korupcija predstavlja grožnjo na slehernem področju, kjer se pojavi. Obstaja že od nekdaj, njen pomen pa se skozi zgodovino spreminja. Posebej zaskrbljujoče je, ko se pojavi na področjih, ki se proti njej borijo, na primer policija in sodišče. V takih institucijah korupcija izpodbija temelje, ki so zapisani v zakonodaji, pravilnikih, načrtih in podobno. Ker pri koruptivnih dejanjih nimamo klasične žrtve, jo je zelo težko odkrivati. Ob koruptivnem dejanju imata tako dajalec podkupnine kot prejemnik oziroma storilec korist. O njej, razen ob prijavah, ki potem postanejo predmet raziskovanja in nadzorovanja, javnost ne izve ničesar. V primeru prijave, akterji, ki so vpleteni v dejanje, poskrbijo, da se o kaznivem dejanju čim manj izve. Ključni element pri tem predstavljajo mediji. Kar je o korupciji znanega, objavijo novinarji, ki spremljajo sojenja in tekom celotne preiskave zbirajo informacije o primerih. Sodno izvedenstvo je del kazenskega postopka, kjer lahko pride do koruptivnih dejanj. Sodni izvedenec je strokovnjak na določenem področju, ima primerno znanje in pristojnost oziroma dolžnost, da sodišču pri določenih primerih pomaga. Prav zaradi svoje vloge, ki je v določenih primerih ključnega pomena, saj sodniki svojo razsodbo ali končno sodbo oprejo na izvedenčevo mnenje, lahko stranka, ki je v postopku premožnejša, izbere lažjo pot do »zmage« na sodišču. Slovenski sodni sistem ne vodi evidence, kjer bi sodišče pred izbiro izvedenca lahko preverilo, kolikokrat je izvedenec mnenje podal in kakšno vlogo je mnenje imelo na končni izid. Sodniki najpogosteje izberejo izvedenca, s katerimi imajo izkušnje iz prejšnjih primerov. V Sloveniji so mediji za javnost ključnega pomena pri poročanju o korupciji, saj so njihovi članki objavljeni v časopisih, na spletu in podobno. Prav tako veliko javno dostopnih informacij najdemo na spletni strani Komisije za preprečevanje korupcije.Corruption presents a threat in every area where it appears. It exists since always but the definition of it has changed through time. It is especially alarming when it appears in areas where there is fought against it, for example police and justice. In this kind of institutions corruption works against the law, rules, plans, etc. Corruption knows no victims therefore it is very hard to investigate. The one who gives the bribe and the one who takes it have both benefit out of it. So public do not know it happened except when one of the two actors report the other. Then the investigation and controlling over the case starts and maybe it becomes a public news. In some occasions even if there was the report, actors make sure it does not come out to public and nobody knows about it. The main key here is the media. What we read or hear about corruption is published by reporters who follow the trial and gather information about such cases. The refree expertise is a part of the criminal proceeding, when corruption may happen. The refree is an expert who has proper knowledge in specific field and has the ability to help on the court. His role is in some cases the main reason for how the judge manage his opinion at the end of the trail and that is why the refree can be a target for the client which is wealthier to make an offer about fake professional opinion on the court and therefore wins the case. In Slovenia the court system does not have a list of those who already gave their professional opinion once and the judge could not check how many times the refree gave a good opinion or how his opinion affected the conclusion of the trail. Most of the time the judge picks the refree he is familiar with from the previous cases. In Slovenia the media is the main key which report about corruption because their articles are published in the newspaper and on the social media, etc. A lot of information we can also find on the website of committee for prevent corruption (Komisija za preprečevanje korupcije)

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