3 research outputs found
The vote on activation of article 7 against Hungary in the European Parliament: voting trends and explanatory factors
Hungary is the first country that Article 7 has been used against, since it went into effect
in 2003. This thesis has the goal to contribute to the understanding of MEPs’ voting
behaviour, when it comes to politically sensitive and divisive votes such as the one on
Article 7. The analysis aims to highlight the main factors behind the voting dynamics on
Article 7 in the European Parliament. Voting trends are looked at in regards of activating
Article 7 assess what role MEPs party affiliation and national background has played.
The conceptional chapter of the thesis will give overview of the developments in
Hungary, the function of Article 7 and lastly the Sargentini report will be discussed.
Furthermore, MEPs voting behaviours and what can affect party group cohesion will be
discussed. Second part of the thesis is the empirical part, where the analysis will be
conducted. The thesis concludes that on sensitive topics such as this one, MEPs tend to
vote in line with their national party affiliation which is some cases is the same to political
group affiliation.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5240859*es
Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries