Interaction tactile chez les personnes âgées

La thèse vise à étudier l'optimisation du tactile pour les personnes âgées. Elle apporte plusieurs contributions à travers quatre chapitres. Le premier comporte trois états de l'art qui décrivent : les déficiences liées à l'âge comme les déficiences des sens de la vision, de l'audition et du toucher, des capacités motrices et des problèmes cognitifs ; les technologies d'écran tactile avec leur histoire, leur fonctionnement et un guide pour choisir celui répondant aux besoins ; et les apports et la nécessité des gérontechnologies à base d'écran tactile. Les chapitres II et III ont la même structure : une présentation de chacune des plateformes de test développées puis les tests associés à ces plateformes. Le chapitre II montre l'impact, en fonction de la complexité de l'interface de commande, de la bi manualité et de l'optimisation de l'interface pour celle-ci ainsi que l'apport d'une interface " invisible " et de son apprentissage. Il résulte de ces résultats un temps de réalisation plus long pour les personnes âgées que les jeunes adultes ainsi qu'un apport plus important de la spatialisation. Le chapitre III présente l'apport du multi-touch dans la manipulation d'objet. Deux pré-études ont été réalisées pour calibrer les tests. L'expérimentation montre que les mouvements de rotation et de zoom sont plus difficiles à réaliser avec l'interaction multi-touch pour les personnes âgées. L'utilisation d'un doigt est plus conseillée que celle de deux pour les personnes âgées. En conclusion, ces études ont permis de définir des recommandations de conception permettant une meilleure prise en compte des personnes âgées. Différentes perspectives sont aussi présentées.The thesis aims to study the optimization of touch interaction for the elderly. It makes several contributions in four chapters. The first describe three states of the art: the first state of art talks about the age-related deficiencies such as motor skills and cognitive problems, but also deficiencies in the sense of vision, hearing and touch; the second describes touch screen technology with their history, their operation and a guide to choose the best one; and the third explains the needs and the contributions for gerontechnology based on touch screen. Chapters II and III have the same structure: a presentation of each test platform that we developed and tests associated with these platforms. Chapter II shows the impact, depending on the complexity of interface, of the use of both hands and the optimization of the interface for this use. It also shows, always depending on the complexity of interface, the contribution of an "invisible" interface and the learning effect of this one. The results are a longer completion time for the elderly than younger adults and a higher intake of spatialization. Chapter III presents the interest of using multi-touch interaction in object manipulation. Two preliminary studies were performed to calibrate the test. The experiment shows that the rotation and zoom are more difficult to achieve with multi-touch interaction for the elderly. Also, using a finger is more recommended than using two fingers for the elderly. In conclusion, these studies have helped to define design recommendations for better inclusion of the elderly. Different perspectives are also presented

La biomédecine à la croisée de la littérature et de l’histoire

Dans cette série de conférences, il s’est agi de présenter une méthode de recherche mise au point ces dernières années pour étudier les questions d’éthique médicale dans leur dimension historique

Exaggerated emotional behavior in mice heterozygous null for the sodium channel Scn8a (Na v 1.6)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73156/1/j.1601-183X.2008.00399.x.pd

Anxiety in Mice: A Principal Component Analysis Study

Two principal component analyses of anxiety were undertaken investigating two strains of mice (ABP/Le and C57BL/6ByJ) in two different experiments, both classical tests for assessing anxiety in rodents. The elevated plus-maze and staircase were used for the first experiment, and a free exploratory paradigm and light-dark discrimination were used for the second. The components in the analyses produced definitions of four fundamental behavior patterns: novelty-induced anxiety, general activity, exploratory behavior, and decision making. We also noted that the anxious phenotype was determined by both strain and experimental procedure. The relationship between behavior patterns and the use of specific tests plus links with the genetic background are discussed

O-Pivaloyl diphenyl­seleno­phosphinate

The title compound, C17H19O2PSe, was obtained in the reaction of the diphenyl­monoseleno­phosphinic acid ammonium salt with pivaloyl chloride. The P—Se bond length of 2.0769 (11) Å is normal, while the P—O bond length of 1.650 (3) Å is longer than in related O-alkyl and O-aryl derivatives. One phenyl ring is periplanar to the Se—P—C plane, while the dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is ca 73°. The carbonyl group is in a synperiplanar position [torsion angle = 8.9 (6)°] to one of the methyl groups of the pivaloyl group. This is the first O-acyl derivative of diphenyl­monoseleno­phosphinic acid characterized by X-ray structural analysis

O-4-Chloro­benzoyl diphenyl­seleno­phosphinate

The title compound, C19H14ClO2PSe, was obtained in the reaction of the diphenyl­monoseleno­phosphinic acid ammonium salt with 4-chloro­benzoyl chloride. The dihedral angle between the P-bonded aromatic rings is 72.64 (14)°. Packing of the mol­ecules in the crystal is reinforced by π–π stacking inter­actions between two inversion-related 4-chloro­benzene rings [centroid-centroid separation = 4.189 (2) Å] and a C—H⋯O interaction also occurs

Loss of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the prefrontal cortex is correlated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease.

International audienceSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the glutamatergic system is severely impaired in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we assessed the status of glutamatergic terminals in AD using the first available specific markers, the vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2. We quantified VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex (Brodmann area 9) of controls and AD patients using specific antiserums. A dramatic decrease in VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 was observed in AD using Western blot. Similar decreases were observed in an independent group of subjects using immunoautoradiography. The VGLUT1 reduction was highly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment, assessed with the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score. A significant albeit weaker correlation was also observed with VGLUT2. These findings provide evidence indicating that glutamatergic systems are severely impaired in the A9 region of AD patients and that this impairment is strongly correlated with the progression of cognitive decline. Our results suggest that VGLUT1 expression in the prefrontal cortex could be used as a valuable neurochemical marker of dementia in AD

Inhomogeneous Magnetism in La-doped CaMnO3. (II) Mesoscopic Phase Separation due to Lattice-coupled FM Interactions

A detailed investigation of mesoscopic magnetic and crystallographic phase separation in Ca(1-x)La(x)MnO3, 0.00<=x<=0.20, is reported. Neutron powder diffraction and DC-magnetization techniques have been used to isolate the different roles played by electrons doped into the eg level as a function of their concentration x. The presence of multiple low-temperature magnetic and crystallographic phases within individual polycrystalline samples is argued to be an intrinsic feature of the system that follows from the shifting balance between competing FM and AFM interactions as a function of temperature. FM double-exchange interactions associated with doped eg electrons are favored over competing AFM interactions at higher temperatures, and couple more strongly with the lattice via orbital polarization. These FM interactions thereby play a privileged role, even at low eg electron concentrations, by virtue of structural modifications induced above the AFM transition temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure