The Legality of Picketing

The authors attempt, by means of « jurisprudence » to determine the conditions and circumstances which render picketing legal or illegal. Within this context, picketing will be examined from the point of view of object, form and occasion. In addition, the sanction of picketing will be presented, followed by a critique of the subject

From Gods to Goddesses

Flexibility in working time arrangements may lead to heterogeneity of working-time patterns. Drawing on the societal perspective, we consider three interrelated spheres of: professional relations, organizational, and domestic space. Greek mythology assists us to contrast chrono management and Horai management. Case analyses of France, the UK, and the Netherlands are presented within the context of EU Directives. By introducing Horai management we try to find an expression for the dialectical interplay between the temporalities of the home and the workplace, while including developments in the wider societal context. Horai management helps us reach beyond the logic of time-economy to improve the coordination of multiple temporalities

Britain and the Working Time Regulations

It is now over a year since the Working Time Regulations entered force in Britain on 1 October 1998, during a period when the government also introduced the minimum wage. But whereas that piece of legislation appears to have faded away into the background of British industrial relations, the Working Time Regulations continue to remain a central topic, as evidenced by the press coverage given to the recent annual conference of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Brighton. Based on a survey of British companies and organisations, this article reviews the manner in which the legislation was implemented and examines the scope of coverage. It finds that the failure of the Labour government to consult the social partners - employer and employee representatives – resulted in business being unprepared for the Regulations. The article also notes that the manner in which this legislation was introduced has meant that many of the employees who were working excessive hours are continuing to do so

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY, CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN (GIVETIAN) TO EARLY CARBONIFEROUS (TOURNAISIAN) LIPAK FORMATION IN THE PIN VALLEY OF SPITI (NW INDIA)

Bed-by-bed lithostratigraphic sections combined with sequence stratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy provide new information on the depositional environment and age of the Lipak Formation in the Pin Valley (Spiti). The formation comprises mixed siliciclastic and calcareous sediments at lower levels, richly fossiliferous limestones with two distinct sandstone incursions at higher levels, and dark mudstones followed by a thin siltstone interval. The upper limit of the Lipak Formation is defined by the angular unconformity below the sandstones of the Permian Gechang Formation. Lithologic correlation with sections in upper Lahaul indicates that, in the Pin Valley, the formation has been truncated just below its characteristic gypsum horizon. The lower boundary of the Lipak Formation is gradational from coastal arenites of the Muth Formation; the mappable boundary is drawn at the first appearance of dark carbonaceous, argillaceous siltstone and shale.Sedimentary structures, microfacies and conodont faunas indicate a general shallow marine depositional environment of the Lipak Formation in the Pin Valley; five sequence stratigraphic units have been distinguished. Conodont data demonstrate that the lowest 33 m of the Lipak Formation of the Pin Valley is mid to late Early varcus Subzone with characteristic species of Icriodus and Bipennatus. A previously unrecognised hiatus at c. 33 m above the base, at the boundary of sequence stratigraphic units S1 and S2, represents the interval Middle varcus Subzone to at least the end of the late Famennian Early expansa Zone. Because this hiatus does not correspond to a mappable boundary, no division of the Lipak Formation into named stratigraphic units is suggested, but we refer informally to the sediments represented by cycle S1 as Lipak A, and the sediments represented by cycles S2-S5 as Lipak B. Determination of S1 as Early varcus Subzone provides a maximum age for the gradationally underlying Muth Formation. At 75 m above the base of the composite Lipak Formation section, a 58 cm black to dark grey shale interval within late Famennian fossiliferous limestones conceivably correlates with the Hangenberg Event (end-Middle praesulcata Zone). Younger conodont faunas of the Lipak Formation -dominated by species of Clydagnathus with species of Bispathodus and Pseudopolygnathus also represented- is shown to extend to the mid-Tournaisian Early crenulata Zone.&nbsp

An Evaluation of "Developing an Environmental Report Card:" A Potential Model for Environmental Education In-Service Teacher Training for Middle and High School Science Teachers in North Carolina

This report evaluates an environmental education in-service teacher training institute for middle and high school science teachers in North Carolina, entitled "Developing an Environmental Report Card". The four week, residential program was designed to prepare the 24 participating teachers to lead their students through a holistic assessment of their local environment. Several innovative aspects of the Institute, including its scope, content, local focus, and method of implementation, warrant its examination as a potential model for future, similar efforts. Evaluation data was collected using a variety of methods, including pre and post-tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The information collected was used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Institute's implementation as well as its outcomes during the subsequent school year. The results of the evaluation suggest that the Institute was successful at providing activities, resources, and information relevant to the participants' classroom teaching. The wide use of environmental professionals, throughout the Institute's implementation, provided the participants with a network of local and state level professional contacts to support their environmental education teaching. The evaluation also highlights the importance of providing the participants with an atmosphere in which they can exchange information and ideas among themselves. It further suggests that, at times, a lack of consistent focus for the Institute's activities may have detracted from its ability to provide the teachers with a systematic approach to the integration of environmental education in to their classes.Master of Science in Public Healt

Invasive Species Removal Promotes Habitat Restoration but Does Not Immediately Improve the Condition of a Threatened Plant Subspecies

Impacts of invasive species on rare species are relevant to conservation. We studied the response of Leedy’s roseroot Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi, a subspecies listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, to removal of the invasive species Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica. Japanese knotweed has invaded the largest known population of Leedy’s roseroot, affecting about 10% of all Leedy’s roseroot in the world. Japanese knotweed shaded Leedy’s roseroot, but the two did not share belowground resources because of their position on cliffs. To study this interaction and, ultimately, to restore Leedy’s roseroot habitat to an open, high-light condition, we removed Japanese knotweed in a three-treatment block design. We measured Leedy’s roseroot abundance, growth, and reproduction in treatment blocks and in uninvaded areas before and after treatment. Compared with uninvaded areas, Japanese knotweed invasion negatively affected Leedy’s roseroot abundance, growth, and reproduction. Light interception by Japanese knotweed degraded the habitat for Leedy’s roseroot. Herbicide removal of Japanese knotweed resulted in increased light and temperature compared with untreated invaded plots but did not affect Leedy’s roseroot abundance, growth, or reproduction over the 2 y of our study. These results show that invasive species removal is conducive to restoring Leedy’s roseroot habitat, but recovery in the subspecies may lag behind restoration of the habitat, suggesting that additional action or time may be required to restore preinvasion performance of Leedy’s roseroot. Results of this study may inform restoration efforts for other systems and contribute to the literature on interspecific interactions

Spatial Detection of Vehicles in Images using Convolutional Neural Networks and Stereo Matching

Convolutional Neural Networks combined with a state of the artstereo-matching method are used to find and estimate the 3D positionof vehicles in pairs of stereo images. Pixel positions of vehiclesare first estimated separately in pairs of stereo images usinga Convolutional Neural Network for regression. These coordinatesare then combined with a state-of-art stereo-matching method todetermine the depth, and thus the 3D location, of the vehicles. Weshow in this paper that cars can be detected with a combined accuracyof approximately 90% with a tolerated radius error of 5%,and a Mean Absolute Error of 5.25m on depth estimation for carsup to 50m away