Nuevos aportes de la lingüística para la investigación de documentos en guaraní de la época colonial (siglo XVIII)

En este trabajo presentamos y describimos un conjunto de manuscritos procedentes de las Reducciones Jesuíticas de la Provincia del Paraguay de la época colonial, recientemente hallados yprácticamente desconocidos (o dados por perdidos). Los manuscritos están redactados íntegramente enguaraní y, como parte de la producción escrita de las Misiones, presentan aspectos de interés tanto para lalingüística como para la historia y la antropología del Río de la Plata colonial. Para establecer una funciónde estos documentos analizamos el complejo sociocultural reduccional, particularmente las prácticas ysignificaciones vinculadas con la escrituralidad del guaraní. Nuestra conclusión es que los manuscritosque presentamos pueden llegar a cambiar nuestra comprensión del complejo dialectal del guaraní así comocontribuir con mejores datos a una “visión indígena” del proceso reduccional.</p

Nuevos aportes de la lingüística para la investigación de documentos en guaraní de la época colonial (siglo XVIII)

En este trabajo presentamos y describimos un conjunto de manuscritos procedentes de las Reducciones Jesuíticas de la Provincia del Paraguay de la época colonial, recientemente hallados yprácticamente desconocidos (o dados por perdidos). Los manuscritos están redactados íntegramente enguaraní y, como parte de la producción escrita de las Misiones, presentan aspectos de interés tanto para lalingüística como para la historia y la antropología del Río de la Plata colonial. Para establecer una funciónde estos documentos analizamos el complejo sociocultural reduccional, particularmente las prácticas ysignificaciones vinculadas con la escrituralidad del guaraní. Nuestra conclusión es que los manuscritosque presentamos pueden llegar a cambiar nuestra comprensión del complejo dialectal del guaraní así comocontribuir con mejores datos a una “visión indígena” del proceso reduccional

El Padre João Pedro Gay (1815-1891) y su contribución a la historia social del guaraní de Corrientes

Este trabajo destaca la figura del clérigo francés João Pedro Gay (1815-1891) como referente de la investigación lingüística del guaraní en el siglo XIX, tomando como base una copia de un poema en guaraní hecha por el propio clérigo en 1867. El poema, publicado en el diario Eco de Corrientes, constituye un antecedente del guaraní correntino del siglo XIX y representa a su vez una pequeña porción de lo que podría ser el legado de Gay como investigador e historiador del guaraní. En este sentido ofrecemos una interpretación del texto teniendo en cuenta el contexto histórico y sociolingüístico en que se enmarca, el cual incluye la Guerra de la Triple Alianza y las diferentes políticas lingüísticas y representaciones sociales que se desarrollaban en aquel tiempo en torno al guaraní. Por último concluimos valorando el documento de Gay como una importante contribución a nuestro conocimiento de la historia del guaraní y sus variedades en la región.Our contribution highlights for the first time the French cleric João Pedro Gay (1815-1891) as a leading figure of Guaraní linguistic research in the nineteenth century. We are basing our analysis on a poem in Guarani copied by his hand from the local newspaper Eco de Corrientes in 1867. This poem is in itself a still unknown valuable source for XIX century Correntinean Guarani and represents a part of a larger legacy of Gay as researcher of the Guarani language. We contextualize the poem in its historical and sociolinguistic framework taking into account the specific situation in Argentine during the War of The Triple Alliance and its underlying linguistic ideologies. We conclude defining Gay’s copy of the poem as part of an important linguistic contribution enabling us to acquire an outstanding and comprehensive knowledge about the history of Guarani varieties in this region

Contemporary Perspectives in Pathophysiology of Facial Nerve Damage in Oto-Neurological and Skull Base Surgical Procedures: A Narrative Review

During the last decades, neuro-otological surgery has progressively reduced functional morbidity, including facial nerve damage. However, the occurrence of this sequela may significantly impact on patients’ quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the patho-physiological and clinical issues related to facial nerve damage in oto-neurological and skull base surgery, in the light of a comprehensive therapeutic and rehabilitative approach to iatrogenic disfunctions. The narrative review is based on a search in the PubMed, Scopus, andWeb of Science databases. In this surgical setting, the onset of intraoperative facial nerve damage is related to various aspects, mainly concerning the anatomical relationship between tumor and nerve, the trajectory of the surgical corridor, and the boundaries of the resection margins. Mechanisms related to stretching, compression, devascularization, and heating may play a role in determining intraoperative facial nerve damage and provide the patho-physiological basis for possible nerve regeneration disorders. Most of the studies included in this review, dealing with the pathophysiology of surgical facial nerve injury, were preclinical. Future research should focus on the association between intraoperative trauma mechanisms and their clinical correlates in surgical practice. Further investigations should also be conducted to collect and record intraoperative data on nerve damage mechanisms, as well as the reports from neuro-monitoring systems

Off-Equilibrium Effective Temperature in Monatomic Lennard-Jones Glass

The off-equilibrium dynamics of a monatomic Lennard-Jones glass is investigated after sudden isothermal density jumps (crunch) from well equilibrated liquid configurations towards the glassy state. The generalized fluctuation-dissipation relation has been studied and the temperature dependence of the violation factor m is found in agreement with the one step replica symmetry breaking scenario, i.e. at low temperature m(T) is found proportional to T up to an off-equilibrium effective temperature T_eff, where m(T_eff)=1. We report T_eff as a function of the density and compare it with the glass transition temperatures T_g as determined by equilibrium calculations.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

The 3D emergence profile on implant-supported restorations: A method for evaluating restorative angles

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Emerging evidence indicates that the emergence profile and subsequent restorative angle play a crucial role in clinical outcomes and can potentially affect the development and progression of peri-implant diseases. However, the traditional evaluation of the emergence profile and angle has been limited to mesial and distal sites using periapical x-rays, without considering the buccal sites. PURPOSE: To describe a novel 3D method to estimate the emergence profile and restorative angles around single implant-supported crowns including buccal sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 implant-supported crowns (11 molars, 8 premolars, 8 central incisors and 1 canine) were extra-orally scanned using an intraoral scanner and the STL files produced were imported into a 3D software. The crown/abutment interface of each crown was delineated, and apico-coronal lines were automatically drawn following the shape of the crown. Three reference points were defined on the apico-coronal lines at the transition edge of the biological (BC) and the esthetic zone (EC) and the resulting angles were then calculated. The reliability of the measurements (2D and 3D) were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: In anterior restorations, the mean angle of the esthetic zone amounted to 162 ± 14° at mesial sites, to 140 ± 10° at buccal sites and to 163 ± 11° at distal sites. The corresponding angles at the biological zones, amounted to 155 ± 13° at mesial sites, 139 ± 15° at buccal sites and 157 ± 5° at distal sites. In posterior restorations, the mean angle of the esthetic zone amounted to 162 ± 12° at mesial sites, to 157 ± 13 at buccal sites and to 162 ± 11 at distal sites. The corresponding angles at the biological zone, amounted to 158 ± 8 at mesial sites, 150 ± 15° at buccal sites and 156 ± 10 at distal sites. The ICC for all measurements ranged between 0.77 and 0.99 indicating a good intra-examiner reliability. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, the 3D analysis seems to be a reliable and applicable method for the quantitative evaluation of the emergence profile in daily practice. Future randomized clinical trials are needed to assess whether a 3D analysis with the ensuing the emergence profile serves as a predictor for clinical outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The development and implementation of a 3D workflow will provide technicians and dentists with the ability to assess the restorative angle of implant-supported restorations during the provisional phase and the final restoration. This approach may help achieve an aesthetically pleasing restoration while minimizing potential clinical complications

Guarinihape tecocue - Lo que pasó en la guerra (1704-1705): Memoria anónima en guaraní del segundo desalojo de la Colonia del Santo Sacramento / Uruguay de los portugueses por los españoles

Entregamos hoy al lector interesado en la historia, la etnografía, la sociología, la lingüística y la literatura de la época colonial una obra conocida por muy pocos y accesible todavía a menos personas ya que está escrita en una lengua caída en desuso hace siglos. Es la descripción en guaraní reduccional de los hechos ocurridos en el segundo desalojamiento de los portugueses de la Colonia del Sacramento por los españoles, acontecimiento de importancia no sólo regional sino también internacional, fechado en los años 1704 y 1705

Effective Connectivity of Functionally Anticorrelated Networks Under Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

Background: Classic psychedelic-induced ego dissolution involves a shift in the sense of self and a blurring of the boundary between the self and the world. A similar phenomenon is identified in psychopathology and is associated with the balance of anticorrelated activity between the default mode network, which directs attention inward, and the salience network, which recruits the dorsal attention network to direct attention outward. Methods: To test whether changes in anticorrelated networks underlie the peak effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), we applied dynamic causal modeling to infer effective connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans from a study of 25 healthy adults who were administered 100 μg of LSD or placebo. Results: We found that inhibitory effective connectivity from the salience network to the default mode network became excitatory, and inhibitory effective connectivity from the default mode network to the dorsal attention network decreased under the peak effect of LSD. Conclusions: The effective connectivity changes we identified may reflect diminution of the functional anticorrelation between resting-state networks that may be a key neural mechanism of LSD and underlie ego dissolution. Our findings suggest that changes to the sense of self and subject-object boundaries across different states of consciousness may depend upon the organized balance of effective connectivity of resting-state networks