Nokia acquires alcatel lucent: academic case

En 2015, Nokia anunció la adquisición de su competidor francés AlcatelLucent en un acuerdo de acciones. A finales de 2015, Nokia anunció la estructura organizativa compuesta por cuatro grupos empresariales: redes móviles, redes fijas, Aplicaciones y análisis, y redes IP / ópticas. Tras la adquisición, Nokia ha ido evolucionando su estructura operativa, con cambios como la creación de nuevos grupos empresariales y cambios en las funciones de soporte, entre otros. Pero a pesar de la evolución natural del diseño organizativo de una gran corporación, el modelo de grupo empresarial seguido de la adquisición de Alcatel-Lucent no solo se mantuvo sino que también se fortaleció con la creación de nuevos BG. Sin embargo, en octubre de 2019, Nokia anunció que la política de pago de acciones se pausaría hasta nuevo aviso, debido a un retraso en la carrera de la última tecnología de banda ancha móvil llamada 5G frente a sus principales competidores.Introduction ; Telecom equipment industry ; Nokia Company background ; Alcatel Lucent Company background ; The acquisition of Alcatel Lucent ; Organizational design in a post merger integration process ; The organizational structure of Nokia after the acquisition ; Looking forwardMagíster en Administración de Empresas, CESA.In 2015, Nokia announced the acquisition of its French-based competitor AlcatelLucent in an all-stock agreement. By the end of 2015, Nokia announced the organizational structure composed of four business groups: Mobile Networks, Fixed Networks, Applications & Analytics, and IP/Optical Networks. After the acquisition, Nokia has been evolving its operational structure, with changes such as creation of new business groups and changes in the support functions, among others. But despite the natural evolution of the organizational design of a large corporation, the business group model followed the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent was not only maintained but also strengthened with the creation of new BGs. In October 2019, however, Nokia announced the share payment policy to be paused until new notice, due to a lag in the race of the latest mobile broadband technology called 5G against its main competitors.Maestrí

Regulation of arginine transport by GCN2 eIF2 kinase is important for replication of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent protozoan parasite that can infect any nucleated cell but cannot replicate outside of its host cell. Toxoplasma is auxotrophic for several nutrients including arginine, tryptophan, and purines, which it must acquire from its host cell. The demands of parasite replication rapidly deplete the host cell of these essential nutrients, yet Toxoplasma successfully manages to proliferate until it lyses the host cell. In eukaryotic cells, nutrient starvation can induce the integrated stress response (ISR) through phosphorylation of an essential translation factor eIF2. Phosphorylation of eIF2 lowers global protein synthesis coincident with preferential translation of gene transcripts involved in stress adaptation, such as that encoding the transcription factor ATF4 (CREB2), which activates genes that modulate amino acid metabolism and uptake. Here, we discovered that the ISR is induced in host cells infected with Toxoplasma. Our results show that as Toxoplasma depletes host cell arginine, the host cell phosphorylates eIF2 via protein kinase GCN2 (EIF2AK4), leading to induced ATF4. Increased ATF4 then enhances expression of the cationic amino acid transporter CAT1 (SLC7A1), resulting in increased uptake of arginine in Toxoplasma-infected cells. Deletion of host GCN2, or its downstream effectors ATF4 and CAT1, lowers arginine levels in the host, impairing proliferation of the parasite. Our findings establish that Toxoplasma usurps the host cell ISR to help secure nutrients that it needs for parasite replication

How Does the Law Put a Historical Analogy to Work?: Defining the Imposition of “A Condition Analogous to That of a Slave” in Modern Brazil

Over the last decades, the Brazilian state has engaged in concerted legal efforts to identify and prosecute cases of what officials refer to as “slave labor” (trabalho escravo). At a conceptual level, the campaign has paired the constitutional protection of human dignity and the “social value of labor” with an expansive interpretation of the offense described in Article 149 of the Criminal Code as “the reduction of a person to a condition analogous to that of a slave.” At the operational level, mobile teams of inspectors and prosecutors have intervened in thousands of work sites, and labor prosecutors have obtained hundreds of consent agreements and convictions in the labor courts, a civil branch of the judiciary. Between the mid-1990s and the end of 2016, some 51,000 workers were administratively resgatados (“rescued”) from rural and urban workplaces in which inspectors determined that they had been reduced to a condition analogous to slavery. Under the supervision of the inspectors, labor contracts have been administratively cancelled, back pay has been (when possible) extracted from the employer, and unemployment insurance payments have been provided to the rescued workers