Mutations as Levy flights

Data from a long time evolution experiment with Escherichia Coli and from a large study on copy number variations in subjects with european ancestry are analyzed in order to argue that mutations can be described as Levy flights in the mutation space. These Levy flights have at least two components: random single-base substitutions and large DNA rearrangements. From the data, we get estimations for the time rates of both events and the size distribution function of large rearrangements

Levy model of cancer

A small portion of a tissue defines a microstate in gene expression space. Mutations, epigenetic events or external factors cause microstate displacements which are modeled by combining small independent gene expression variations and large Levy jumps, resulting from the collective variations of a set of genes. The risk of cancer in a tissue is estimated as the microstate probability to transit from the normal to the tumor region in gene expression space. The formula coming from the contribution of large Levy jumps seems to provide a qualitatively correct description of the lifetime risk of cancer, and reveals an interesting connection between the risk and the way the tissue is protected against infections.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.0692

Development of a real-time high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system

In this work a real-time high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system is developed, allowing the 3D acquisition and imaging of high-resolution ultrasound data for biomedical applications. The system uses ultrasound transducers in the ranges of 30 to 100 MHz, and allows full access of the radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound data for the 3D image reconstruction. This work includes the development of two graphical user interfaces in C++ to interact with a high-resolution ultrasound system and to image the high-resolution ultrasound data. In addition, a methodology is described and implemented in the system for 3D ultrasound reconstruction and visualization. The development of these GUIs allows easy 3D high-resolution ultrasound acquisition and imaging to any user with basic knowledge in ultrasound and with only minimal and faster training in the system and the GUIs. This capability opens the system to any researcher or person interested in performing experimentations with high-resolution ultrasound.;The high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system is tested to assess atherosclerosis using different mouse models. To assess atherosclerosis, a series of in vitro studies are performed to 3D scan vessels of mouse aortas and carotids vessels with atherosclerosis, as well as mouse hearts with atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE) and the apolipoprotein E-A1 adenosine receptor double knockout (DKO) mice model with their wild type control (C57) are used. Three-dimensional reconstructions were rendered showing good matches with the samples morphology. In addition, 3D sections of the data are reconstructed showing atherosclerotic plaque in the samples. The 3D ultrasound reconstruction allows for us to analyze a sample from outside and inside by rotating around any angle and cropping non-relevant data, allowing us to observe shape and appearance of the 3D structures. Finally, after reconstructing and analyzing the 3D ultrasound images, a 3D quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaque is performed. After analyzing the samples, the plaque lesions of DKO mouse model exhibits smaller areas than those of the APOE mouse model. Additionally, the C57 mouse model is clean of any atherosclerosis. These findings are in agreement with a previous study of our group for these mouse models

Thermodynamics and emission modeling of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks and fueling stations

In this work a thermodynamics and emissions model of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks and fueling stations was developed, allowing for the calculation of methane (CH4) emitted from tanks and the prediction of methane emissions in future scenarios. The detailed dynamic thermodynamic model determined the thermodynamic state (pressure, temperature, specific volume) and properties (enthalpy, internal energy, specific heat, etc.) of the liquid and vapor phase methane in the storage tank in order to determine the rate of LNG boil off and venting. The model employed differential forms of the energy balance and mass balance and thermodynamic property relations and data to describe the evolution of liquid and vapor quantity, state and properties with time as a function of fueling station activity. In addition, the temperature inside the storage tank was determined by two approaches: a homogeneous or a stratified distribution, where the homogeneous model assumed a uniform saturated temperature throughout the tank and the stratified model determined a temperature profile in the tank. The model accounted for varying ambient conditions, varying mass flow of LNG into and out of the tank as a result of refueling the tank, fuel dispensing, recirculation to chill dispensing equipment, return of vapor from vehicle tanks for vapor balancing, and release of boil off gas (BOG) to maintain safe tank operating pressure. Furthermore, this work could be adapted to develop a comprehensive model for LNG vehicle fuel tanks.;The model was validated with experimental data acquired by the Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines, and Emissions (CAFEE) of West Virginia University (WVU) from vehicle tanks and at LNG fueling stations in the United States. The complete LNG Fueling Station Model achieved an average error of -0.36 psia/day (1.13%) in the rate of pressure change with respect to time using the stratified approach and an average error of -1.67 psia/day (-10.43%) using the homogeneous approach. Two LNG fueling station tanks of 15,000 gallons and 25,000 gallons capacity were used. For fueling stations both approaches presented cases of over prediction and under prediction. The stratified approach had an error in dP/dt between -8.00 psia/day (-39.03%) and 2.75 psia/day (28.23%). The homogeneous approach had an error in dP/dt between -7.49 psia/day (-36.55%) and 2.15 psia/day (17.38%). Validation of pressure rise in vehicle tanks achieved an average error of -1.01 psia/day (-2.64%) using the stratified approach and 14.56 psia/day (204.25%) using the homogeneous approach. Two LNG vehicle tanks of 120 gallons and 150 gallons capacity were used. For vehicle tanks the homogenous approaches always over predicted and the stratified approach presented cases of over prediction and of under prediction. The stratified approach had an error in dP/dt between -6.31 psia/day (-44.90%) and 4.13 psia/day (21.40%). The homogeneous approach had an error in dP/dt between 2.35 psia/day (12.16%) and 39.48 psia/day (883.96%)

Crowdsourcing as production model that uses collective intelligence, the collaborative culture and the formation of communities

Purpose – It has been verified that companies are using crowdsourcing to carry out tasks related with the market, concentrating on three main areas: product development, advertising and promotion and market research. This study aims to carry out qualitative research using the case study method. The analysis unit that will be used will be marketing activities based on crowdsourcing. Finally, the study subjects used to understand the phenomenon are Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Netflix and Amazon. Design/methodology/approach – For this study, the decision was made to use the case study method due to its qualitative character. Thus, the analysis unit of the study is composed of the activities of the company investigated related to the activities of the marketing information system. For this study, a unique case study was used. The object companies were Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Netflix and Amazon. Findings – A significant number of advantages are therefore perceived for companies that adopt mass collaboration practices in the research and development of products. The strategic importance of this concept for companies that launch themselves into these surprising endeavors is ever more clear and consolidated in their planning. It is up to those sectors that are responsible for communication to think of strategies that incorporate the collaborative work of consumers into their actions. Research limitations/implications – The study presents some limitations that give rise to the opportunity to embark on future studies. As it is an exploratory study, there was no validation of causality between variables, which may diminish the empirical value of the findings. In this context, the sample is small and non-probabilistic, which on one hand made applying the interviews in the field study viable, but on the other does not enable the results to be generalized. Practical implications – The transfer of power to crowds of consumers has led to a reduction in costs. This combination of innovative and cost reduction constitutes value innovation, a basic factor for customer retention, standing apart from the competition and obtaining appreciable results, thus reducing mortality. Social implications – A collaborative action is an integrated marketing and communication action. In the same way, using bloggers to evaluate products today is a basic form of research and development, networking and communication with consumers, who become co-creators of products and services, as well as interlocutors with those responsible for corporate communication. Originality/value – A significant number of advantages are therefore perceived for companies that adopt mass collaboration practices in the research and development of products. The strategic importance of this concept for companies that launch themselves into these surprising endeavors is even more clear and consolidated in their planning. It is up to those sectors that are responsible for communication to think of strategies that incorporate the collaborative work of consumers into their actions

Informe estadístico obtenidos de 500 pacientes, realizados en la Fundación Médica Bienestar Familiar

To obtain the title of Optometry, community work which is put into practice all the knowledge learned in the course of student life is required, this unique experience is what I make with the support of the Medical Foundation Family Welfare it is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to the support, care and treatment of people with limited economic resources. The work consisted in supporting professionals of the Foundation consists of a multidisciplinary team consisting follows Ophthalmologist, Cardiologist, General Physicians, and Pediatric Optometry.Para la obtención del título de Optometría, se requiere el trabajo comunitario en el cual se pone en práctica todos los conocimientos aprendidos en el trascurso de la vida estudiantil, esta experiencia única e irrepetible se lo realizo gracias al apoyo de la Fundación Medica Bienestar Familiar, la misma que es una institución sin fines de lucro que se dedica a la ayuda, cuidado y atención de personas de escasos recursos económicos. El trabajo consistió en el apoyo de los profesionales de la Fundación que está formado con un equipo multidisciplinario que consta de la siguiente manera Oftalmólogo, Cardiólogo, Medico general, Pediatra y Optometría

Resistencia a la compresión de un concreto f c = 210 kg/cm2 sustituyendo al cemento por una combinación de cenizas de cáscara de arroz y polvo de cáscara de huevo.

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la resistencia a la compresión de un concreto fc= 210 kg/cm2 sustituyendo al cemento por una combinación de cenizas de cáscara de arroz y polvo de cáscara de huevo, ya que por antecedentes se conoce que ambos materiales pueden llegar a actuar como puzolanas. En este proyecto de investigación se obtuvo la pérdida de masa y calorimetría de la cáscara de arroz, mediante el análisis térmico diferencial (ATD), seguidamente se obtuvo su composición química por el ensayo de fluorescencia de Rayos x (FRX), de igual manera se evaluó el polvo de cáscara de huevo; también se evaluó su alcalinidad de los materiales y combinaciones del 8% y 15% de CCA y PCH para determinar su pH. Se obtuvo la resistencia a la compresión de las probetas de concreto patrón fc = 210 kg/cm2 y experimental con sustitución al 8 % y 15 % de cemento por la combinación de las cenizas de cáscara de arroz y polvo de cáscara de huevo. La prueba de alcalinidad de la mezcla de cenizas de cáscara de arroz y polvo de cáscara de huevo en la sustitución del cemento en 8 % y 15% alcanzo un pH = 13.03 siendo ambos altamente alcalinos. Los resultados de las cenizas de cáscara de arroz muestran un 85.36 % en la suma de óxidos (SiO2+CaO+Al2O3) y del polvo de cáscara de huevo 96.74 %. Al sustituir el cemento por el 8% de la combinación de CCA y PCH se obtuvo una resistencia de 87.71%, 97.62%, 125.67%. Así mismo al sustituir el cemento por el 15 % se obtuvo una resistencia de 67.37%, 74.90%, 94.00% Se concluye que la combinación de las cenizas de cáscara de arroz y el polvo de cáscara de huevo a un porcentaje de sustitución no mayor al 8% podría utilizarse como puzolana, ya que superaron la resistencia de compresión de un concreto convencional.Tesi

Hábitos de estudio y rendimiento académico en los estudiantes trabajadores del VII ciclo en el nivel secundaria de la Institución Educativa Fe y Alegría N° 1 del distrito de San Martín de Porres - 2013

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo “Determinar la relación que existe entre hábitos de estudio y rendimiento académico en los estudiantes trabajadores del VII ciclo del nivel secundaria de la institución educativa Fe y Alegría N° 1 del distrito de San Martin de Porres – 2013”. El tipo de investigación empleado es el descriptivo, el diseño es no experimental de corte transversal –correlacional la muestra estuvo conformado por 143 alumnos.Para la recolección de datos se utilizó, el inventario de hábitos de estudio CASM - 85 validado por Luís Alberto Vicuña Peri, mientras que para la segunda variable se utilizó, las actas de calificaciones elaborado por los maestros de la Institución educativa. Entre los resultados se halla que, tienen tendencia a lo positivo (42,7%), existiendo factores que resultan negativos, es decir técnicas de estudio enfatizadas en las DIMENSIONES que requieren ser revisados y corregidos de inmediato como la distribución del tiempo, estudio no planificado, ambiente desfavorable y compañía de estudio inapropiada para un mejor resultado académico

Review and Evaluation of Publicly Funded Research and Development in Agro Processing

This paper starts off with a review and evaluation of publicly funded agro research and development. It also discusses the role of public and private sectors in the management of research institutions. In addition, it identifies public research programs on specific agricultural commodities that will assist the private sector in the governments research and development program