Співвідношення прямої мови та слів автора в художній німецькомовній прозі

Стилістична картина художнього твору, а також стилістичний потенціал прямої мови багато в чому залежать від того, у якому кількісному та структурному співвідношенні перебувають мова оповідача і мова персонажів. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1773

Quantifying the shifts in physicochemical property space introduced by the metabolism of small organic molecules

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Dietary Impact of Adding Potassium Chloride to Foods as a Sodium Reduction Technique

Potassium chloride is a leading reformulation technology for reducing sodium in food products. As, globally, sodium intake exceeds guidelines, this technology is beneficial; however, its potential impact on potassium intake is unknown. Therefore, a modeling study was conducted using Dutch National Food Survey data to examine the dietary impact of reformulation (n = 2106). Product-specific sodium criteria, to enable a maximum daily sodium chloride intake of 5 grams/day, were applied to all foods consumed in the survey. The impact of replacing 20%, 50% and 100% of sodium chloride from each product with potassium chloride was modeled. At baseline median, potassium intake was 3334 mg/day. An increase in the median intake of potassium of 453 mg/day was seen when a 20% replacement was applied, 674 mg/day with a 50% replacement scenario and 733 mg/day with a 100% replacement scenario. Reformulation had the largest impact on: bread, processed fruit and vegetables, snacks and processed meat. Replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, particularly in key contributing product groups, would result in better compliance to potassium intake guidelines (3510 mg/day). Moreover, it could be considered safe for the general adult population, as intake remains compliant with EFSA guidelines. Based on current modeling potassium chloride presents as a valuable, safe replacer for sodium chloride in food products

Thresholds and IC₅₀ values of 6-methoxyflavanones for inhibition of hTAS2R14 responses towards 640 μM ECG and 70 μM genistein.

<p>n.b., no blocking.</p><p>n.d., not determined.</p

Fluorescent counts of ECG-induced calcium responses in cells expressing hTAS2R39 (induced) and non-expressing hTAS2R39 (non-induced).

<p><b>A</b>: Simultaneous addition of agonist (ECG 200 μM) and antagonist (4′-fluoro-6-methoxyflavanone (<b>6</b>) 16 μM) (□) versus the signal elicited by ECG (antagonist replaced by buffer, final concentration ECG 200 μM) (◊). Non-induced cells: ECG 200 μM and 4′-fluoro-6-methoxyflavanone (<b>6</b>) 16 μM (○) and ECG 200 μM (Δ). <b>B</b>: Stepwise addition of first antagonist (arrow “1^st addition”), and then agonist (arrow “2^nd addition”) (1^st 6-methoxyflavanone (<b>11</b>) 500 μM, 2^nd ECG 200 μM) (□)) versus agonist (1^st buffer, 2^nd ECG 200 μM) (◊). Non-induced cells: 1^st 6-methoxyflavanone (<b>11</b>) 500 μM, 2^nd ECG 200 μM (○) versus 1^st buffer, 2^nd ECG 200 μM (Δ).</p

Chemical structures of hTAS2R39 agonist epicatechin gallate (ECG) (A), investigated flavanones (residues specified in Table 1) (B) and hTAS2R39 agonist denatonium benzoate (C).

<p>The commonly applied ring-nomenclature for flavonoids (A-, B-, and C-ring) is shown in the general structure formula for flavanones.</p