The Influence of Eyelid Morphology on Normal Corneal Shape

PURPOSE. To investigate associations between the topography of the cornea and the morphology of the eyelids in a population of young adult subjects with a range of refractive errors. METHODS. Corneal topography data and digital images of the anterior eye were acquired for 100 young adult subjects. The corneal topography data and palpebral fissure images were analyzed to determine a range of parameters describing the shape of the cornea and the morphology of the palpebral fissure. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate for significant associations between the parameters describing the topography of the cornea and the parameters describing the morphology of the palpebral fissure. RESULTS. A number of highly significant correlations were found between the best-fitting corneal spherocylinder and the eyelid morphology parameters. The corneal best-fit sphere (M) was significantly correlated with the horizontal palpebral fissure width (r ϭ -0.428; P Ͻ 0.001). Corneal astigmatism power vector J45 was significantly correlated with the angle of the palpebral fissure (r ϭ 0.392; P Ͻ 0.001). The axis of corneal astigmatism was also found to be significantly correlated with the angle of the palpebral fissure (r ϭ 0.317; P ϭ 0.005). CONCLUSIONS. A number of significant associations exist between the corneal spherocylinder and the morphology of the eyelids in a normal adult population. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

A Technique to Measure Eyelid Pressure Using Piezoresistive Sensors

Abstract-In this paper, novel procedures were developed using a thin (0.17 mm) tactile piezoresistive pressure sensor mounted on a rigid contact lens to measure upper eyelid pressure. A hydrostatic calibration system was constructed, and the influence of conditioning (prestressing), drift (continued increasing response with a static load), and temperature variations on the response of the sensor were examined. To optimally position the sensor-contact lens combination under the upper eyelid margin, an in vivo measurement apparatus was constructed. Calibration gave a linear relationship between raw sensor output and actual pressure units for loads between 1 and 10 mmHg (R 2 = 0.96). Conditioning the sensor prior to use regulated the measurement response, and sensor output stabilized about 10 s after loading. While sensor output drifts slightly over several hours, it was not significant beyond the measurement time of 1 min used for eyelid pressure. The error associated with calibrating at room temperature but measuring at ocular surface temperature led to a very small overestimation of pressure. Eyelid pressure readings were observed when the upper eyelid was placed on the sensor, and removed during a recording. When the eyelid pressure was increased by pulling the lids tighter against the eye, the readings from the sensor significantly increased

The Association of Depressive Symptoms with Inflammatory Factors and Adipokines in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

Studies in Western populations find that depression is associated with inflammation and obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation of depressive symptoms with inflammatory factors and adipose-derived adipokines in middle-aged and older Chinese.Data were from 3289 community residents aged 50-70 from Beijing and Shanghai who participated in the Nutrition and Health of Aging Population in China project. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) score of 16 or higher. Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured. Of the 3289 participants, 312 (9.5%) suffered from current depressive symptoms. IL-6 level was higher in participants with depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts in the crude analyses (1.17 vs. 1.05 pg/mL, p = 0.023) and this association lost statistical significance after multiple adjustments (1.13 vs. 1.10 pg/mL, p = 0.520). Depressive symptoms were not associated with increased mean levels of any other inflammatory factors or adipokines in the unadjusted or adjusted analyses.We found no evidence that depressive symptoms were associated with inflammatory factors and adipokines in the middle-aged and older Chinese populations. Prospective studies and studies in clinically diagnosed patients are needed to confirm our results and clarify the relation of depression with inflammatory factors and adipokines

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Patient compliance and its influence on contact lens wearing problems

One hundred consecutively presenting patients, fifty from each of two contact lens clinics, were questioned about the procedures encountered in care and maintenance of their contact lenses and asked to demonstrate their use of those procedures. Their clinic records were then analyzed for the occurrence of signs and symptoms that were related potentially to noncompliance with instructions and procedures, and that could not be otherwise explained. Only 26% of patients were fully complaint. Noncompliance with instructions was related strongly to the occurrence of signs and symptoms indicative of potential wearing problems. Improvements in the level of patient compliance with instructions is likely to bring about increased patient success with contact lens wearing

Visual Loss in Keratoconus

Visual acuity and contrast threshold functions of 5 patients with bilateral keratoconus were measured following optimal spectacle correction. Contrast attenuation occurred before visual acuity loss, and its nature could not always be predicted by the visual acuity findings. Routine visual acuity tests do not describe well the extent of the visual disability in keratoconus

The basis for corneal shape change during contact lens wear

Trials were conducted in which subjects wore various contact lenses while their corneas were exposed to gases of varying oxygen content. Measurements of central and peripheral corneal thickness and corneal topography show that corneal topography changes after contact lens wear can have at least two causes, an unevenly distributed corneal thickness change and/or a mechanical molding of the shape