Who Am I to You? Using Function Words as a Measure of Transference

There is a gap in our understanding of transference resolution as an aspect of therapeutic process and its relation to observable changes in language. My hypotheses can contribute to this area by identifying whether there are detectible changes in pronoun use in a psychoanalysis that are related to the resolution of transference. Data: The de-identified transcripts of a young agoraphobic housewife in a four time a week then two time a week psychoanalysis from the 1970s. Method: The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software will be used to measure structural changes in language that may reflect intrapsychic changes in the speech patterns of a psychoanalytic patient. First, I will attempt to measure if there are changes in the patient’s flexible use of language. I will next verify that the patient’s self-reference as measured by pronoun use changes. Then other linguistic behavior associated with pronoun change will be identified. Finally, I will qualitatively explore if there is a relationship between proposed language change and transference. Findings: Self-reference in terms of LIWC “I” use showed major change from High I use in the first half of the analysis when compared to the second half. LIWC language categories found to be associated with High I sessions were high affect, high “you,” high negation, high present and future tense, high verbs, and low “we,” low conjunctions, and low prepositions. Low I sessions tended to have high “we” scores, high “they” scores, high conjunctions, and low “you” scores, and low negation scores. When compared, the major differences between High I and Low I sessions was found in the difference in pronoun use, where Low I sessions tended to be high “we/they” sessions and High I sessions tended to be high “you” sessions. For the qualitative analysis, sessions with High “I/you” scores tended to be interpreted as transference by the analyst, while high “we/they” scores tended to be interpreted by the analyst or patient as identification. Key Words: psychoanalysis, transference, LIWC, pronouns, functions words, self-reference, textual analysis, therapy process researc

Synthetic Spectra for Type Ia Supernovae at Early Epochs

We present the current status of our construction of synthetic spectra for type Ia supernovae. These properly take into account the effects of NLTE and an adequate representation of line blocking and blanketing. The models are based on a sophisticated atomic database. We show that the synthetic spectrum reproduces the observed spectrum of 'normal' SN-Ia near maximum light from the UV to the near-IR. However, further improvements are necessary before truly quantitative analyses of observed SN-Ia spectra can be performed. In particular, the inner boundary condition has to be fundamentally modified. This is due to the dominance of electron scattering over true absorption processes coupled with the flat density structure in these objectsComment: To appear in "Proceedings of the IAU Colloquium 192 - Supernovae (10 Years of SN1993J)", eds. J.M. Marcaide and K.W. Weile

Observations of nonlinear momentum fluxes over the inner continental shelf

Nonlinear momentum fluxes over the inner continental shelf are examined using moored observations from multiple years at two different locations in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Inner shelf dynamics are often described in terms of a linear alongshore momentum balance, dominated by frictional stresses generated at the surface and bottom. In this study, observations over the North Carolina inner shelf show that the divergence of the cross-shelf flux of alongshore momentum is often substantial relative to the wind stress during periods of strong stratification. During upwelling at this location, offshore fluxes of alongshore momentum in the surface layer partially balance the wind stress and reduce the role of the bottom stress. During downwelling, onshore fluxes of alongshore momentum reinforce the wind stress and increase the role of bottom stress. Over the New England inner shelf, nonlinear terms have less of an impact in the momentum balance and exhibit different relationships with the wind forcing. Differences between locations and time periods are explained by variations in bottom slope, latitude, vertical shear and cross-shelf exchange. Over the New England inner shelf, where moored density data are available, variations in vertical shear are explained by a combination of thermal wind balance and wind stress. An implication of this study is that cross-shelf winds can potentially influence the alongshore momentum balance over the inner shelf, in contrast with deeper locations over the middle to outer shelf

Petrology, geochemistry, and U-Pb (zircon) age of the quartz-feldspar porphyry dyke at the Lake George antimony mine, New Brunswick: implications for origin, emplacement process, and mineralization

A steeply west-dipping, north-northwest-trending, biotite-bearing quartz-feldspar porphyry dyke is associated with the Lake George granodiorite, a cupola of the Pokiok Batholith. These Early Devonian intrusions are spatially and temporally related to W-Mo-Au and Sb-Au mineralization in the area. The porphyry dyke yielded an age of 420.8 +5.9/-4.0 Ma (U-Pb zircon) and is inferred to be coeval with or slightly older than the Lake George granodiorite (412 +5/-4 Ma, U-Pb zircon). The variably altered dyke contains subhedral to anhedral (rounded) quartz, plagioclase, and orthoclase phenocrysts (0.5 to 30 mm; 30 to 60 vol. %), and numerous angular to subrounded xenoliths of altered intrusion carapace and quenched dyke rocks, as well as local Kingsclear Formation metasedimentary rocks. The dyke is similar to the Lake George granodiorite in phenocryst population, volcanic arc (I-type) affinity, average Zr (157 ppm), TiO2 (0.54 %), La/Yb ratio (13), and REE (129 ppm). The average Au content is lower in the dyke (20 ppb) than in the granodiorite (32 ppb), the abundance of gold is related to minor magmatic hydrothermal chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite (< 2 %). Based on textural evidence, including autobrecciation, coupled with rheological and thermal modeling calculations for the 5 m-wide dyke, it is suggested that fluidization (vapour exsolution) of the magma was key to its rapid emplacement as a quenched glass-gas mixture (tuffisite). The S abundance and S isotopic signature of the dyke, relative to Au and Cu abundance, support reduced I-type magmatic volatiles involved in dyke emplacement and cogenetic autometasomatic alteration. RÉSUMÉ Un dyke de porphyre quartzo-feldspathique renfermant de la biotite, orienté vers le nord-nord-ouest et s’inclinant abruptement vers l’ouest, est associé à la granodiorite du lac George, une coupole du magmatisme du batholite de Pokiok. Ces intrusions régionales du Dévonien précoce sont spatialement et temporellement apparentées à une minéralisation de W-Mo-Au et de Sb-Au dans le secteur. Le dyke de porphyre a accusé un âge de 420,8 +5,9/-4,0 Ma (U-Pb sur zircon) et on le suppose du même âge ou légèrement plus âgé que la granodiorite du lac George (412 +5/-4 Ma, U-Pb sur zircon). Le dyke altéré de façon variable abrite des phénocristaux hypautomorphes à allotriomorphes (arrondis) de quartz, de plagioclase et d’orthoclase (0,5 à 30 mm, 30 à 60 % en vol.) ainsi que de nombreux xénolites angulaires à subsphérique d’une carapace d’intrusion altérée et de roches de dykes noyées, en plus de roches métasédimentaires locales de la Formation de Kingsclear. Le dyke s’avère analogue à la granodiorite du lac George du point de vue de la population de phénocristaux, de l’affinité avec l’arc insulaire (de type intrusif), de la concentration moyenne de Zr (157 ppm), du TiO2 (0,54 %), du ratio de La/Yb (13) et des ÉTR (129 ppm). La teneur moyenne en Au est plus faible dans le dyke (20 parties par milliard) que dans la granodiorite (32 parties par milliard); son abondance est apparentée à la présence restreinte de chalcopyrite et de pyrrhotite hydrothermales magmatiques (< 2 %). Selon les indices texturaux, notamment l’autobréchification, conjugués à des calculs de modélisation rhéologique et thermale du dyke (5 m), on peut supposer que la fluidisation (exsolution à l’état de vapeur) du magma a contribué à sa mise en place rapide sous forme d’un mélange de verre-gaz (tuffisite) noyé. L’abondance de S et la signature isotopique du S du dyke, comparativement à l’abondance d’Au et de Cu, appuient la participation réduite d’éléments volatils magmatiques de type intrusif à la mise en place du dyke et à l’altération autométasomatique cogénétique. [Traduit par la rédaction

On the Spectroscopic Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae

A comparison of the ratio of the depths of two absorption features in the spectra of TypeIa supernovae (SNe Ia) near the time of maximum brightness with the blueshift of the deep red Si II absorption feature 10 days after maximum shows that the spectroscopic diversity of SNe Ia is multi-dimensional. There is a substantial range of blueshifts at a given value of the depth ratio. We also find that the spectra of a sample of SNe Ia obtained a week before maximum brightness can be arranged in a ``blueshift sequence'' that mimics the time evolution of the pre-maximum-light spectra of an individual SN Ia, the well observed SN 1994D. Within the context of current SN Ia explosion models, we suggest that some of the SNe Ia in our sample were delayed-detonations while others were plain deflagrations.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ