Generalized God-Objects: a Paradigm for Interacting with Physically-Based Virtual World

International audienceIn this paper, we show a method to interact with physically-based environments in a way which guarantee their integrity whatever the mechanical properties of the virtual interaction tool and the control device. It consists in an extension of the god-object concept. The interaction tools are modeled as physical bodies which tend to reach, if possible, the position maintained by the user. Their behavior is computed via the dynamic laws of motion by the simulation engine, as the other bodies in the scene. The cases of articulated rigid bodies and deformable bodies are studied. This mechanism also provides a unified framework which allows the control of virtual objects via devices providing force feedback or not. Finally, some applications including virtual surgery are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach

Adaptive resolution of 1D mechanical B-spline

International audienceThis article presents an adaptive approach to B-spline curve physical simulation. We combine geometric refinement and coarsening techniques with an appropriate continuous mechanical model. We thus deal with the (temporal and geometric) continuity issues implied when mechanical adaptive resolution is used. To achieve real-time local adaptation of spline curves, some criteria and optimizations are shown. Among application examples, real-time knot tying is presented, and curve cutting is also pointed out as a nice sideeffect of the adaptive resolution animation framework

Smooth constraints for spline variational modeling

International audienceThis article introduces a new class of constraints for spline variational modeling, which allows more flexible user specification, as a constrained point can `slide' along a spline curve. Such constraints can, for example, be used to preserve correct parameterization of the spline curve. The spline surface case is also studied. Efficient numerical schemes are discussed for real-time solving, as well as interactive visualization during the energy minimization process. Examples are shown, and numerical results discussed

Pertinence des venues aux urgences médico-chirurgicales pédiatriques des nouveau-nés de moins de 30 jours à l HCE du CHU de Grenoble sur une période de six mois

Les consultations de nouveau-nés aux urgences pédiatriques sont en augmentation, en dépit du risque d infection nosocomiale encouru. Le ressenti d urgence des parents, et les problèmes de disponibilité des médecins libéraux peuvent expliquer ce phénomène. L objectif principal de ce travail est d apprécier la pertinence des venues des nouveau-nés de moins de 30 jours aux urgences pédiatriques. L étude a été réalisée aux urgences pédiatriques de Grenoble de mai à novembre 2012. 266 nouveau-nés ont été inclus. Seules les premières consultations pour un même nouveau-né ont été prises en compte. La pertinence des venues a été étudiée selon les critères de De Angelis, et selon le critère d hospitalisation. Les venues ont été jugées pertinentes pour 39% des nouveau-nés. Les facteurs associés à une venue jugée non pertinente sont la primiparité, l âge de la mère inférieur à 25 ans, l absence d activité professionnelle de la mère, le temps de transport inférieur à 40 minutes et les nouveau-nés non adressés. Les diagnostics les plus fréquents sont liés à des problèmes de puériculture. Des formations doivent être données dès les premières séances de préparation à l accouchement, auprès des jeunes mamans primipares. Il faudrait également favoriser la consultation du 8ème jour auprès d un médecin de ville après la sortie de la maternité. Des plaquettes d information pour les parents ont été créées par des associations. Cependant, l augmentation des consultations aux urgences pédiatriques pourrait-être liée à une limitation de l offre de soins en ville. Une étude complémentaire serait intéressante pour connaître l offre et la disponibilité des professionnels de santé en ville.The Newborns consultations in the pediatric emergency department have steadily increased during the last years, despite the known risk of nosocomial infection. The main objective of this study is to assess the relevance of the visits for newborns less than one month of age in the pediatric emergency department. This study was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of Grenoble from the 2nd of May 2012 to the 2nd of November 2012, using a questionnaire given to the parents, and a medical questionnaire. The visits relevance was studied according to De Angelis criteria, and according to the hospitalization criterion. 266 infants have been included. The most common diagnoses which have been found are childcare problems such as infant colic, regurgitation, feeding difficulties and rhinopharyngitis. The examination was normal for 25 newborns. Visits were considered relevant for 105 newborns. The factors which were associated with inappropriate visits are: primiparity, age of the mother less than 25 years old, unemployed mothers, travel time less than 40 minutes, and not addressed newborns. Prevention and information should be made in the early sessions of preparation for childbirth. Other preventive measures would be to promote a medical examination by a primary care physician a few days after having left the maternity. Finally, information leaflets for parents were created by associations. The increase of the consultations in the pediatric emergency departments could be related to a limitation of the primary care supply. A further study would be interesting to know the supply and the availability of the health professionals in the city.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Implicit Representations of the Human Intestines for Surgery Simulation

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a modeling of the intestines by implicit surfaces for abdominal surgery simulation. The difficulty of such a simulation comes from the animation of the intestines. As a matter of fact, the intestines are a very long tube that is not isotropically elastic, and that bends over itself at various spots, creating multiple self-contacts. We use a multiple component model for the intestines: The first component is a mechanical model of their axis; the second component is a specific sphere-based model to manage collisions and self-collisions; and the third component is a skinning model to define their volume. This paper focuses on the better representation for skinning the intestines. We compare two implicit models: Surfaces defined by point-skeletons and convolution surfaces. A direct application of this simulation is the training of a typical surgical gesture to move apart the intestines in order to reach certain areas of the abdomen

Quels modèles pour soutenir la prévention et la promotion de la santé ?

Contexte et objectifs La prévention n’atteint pas souvent son objectif d’accès universel aux soins préventifs. Les modèles opérationnels publiés concernant la prévention et la promotion de la santé en soins primaires ont été recherchés pour réaliser un inventaire fonctionnel et formuler des hypothèses de travail sur l’efficacité et l’équité de la prévention. Méthode Revue narrative de littérature utilisant les mots-clés relatifs aux différents niveaux de prévention, à la promotion de la santé, aux soins primaires, aux modèles de pratique et à la délivrance de soins. Une analyse multicritères a été utilisée. Principaux résultats Douze modèles ont été sélectionnés. Les modèles dont les auteurs annoncent qu’ils s’appliquent à la prévention décrivent majoritairement des approches centrées sur les individus dans le cadre de la relation médecin-patient, prenant en compte l’organisation de pratique. Certains modèles systémiques de type socio-écologique illustrent le concept de promotion de la santé : pratique éducative, ciblage sur des groupes ou des populations, prise en compte des milieux de vie et des déterminants sociaux de la santé. La place des patients dans l’élaboration des modèles est mineure, à l’image de leur implication comme acteurs dans les systèmes de soins. Les définitions des termes de prévention, promotion de la santé et éducation du patient diffèrent considérablement d’un modèle à l’autre. Discussion et conclusion Certains éléments valorisés par la promotion de la santé seraient intégrables aux pratiques de soins : empowerment individuel des patients, prise en compte de leurs milieux de vie ; participation accrue à des réseaux locaux de professionnels de la santé ; intégration, au sein des mêmes structures, de l’approche individuelle et collective pour permettre la poursuite simultanée des objectifs de personnalisation, d’efficacité et d’équité. Ces évolutions ont des implications sur la formation des soignants, en termes d’aptitudes communicationnelles, de sensibilisation aux concepts de la santé publique et d’immersion précoce des futurs soignants dans la communauté

Requirements of the SALTY project

This document is the first external deliverable of the SALTY project (Self-Adaptive very Large disTributed sYstems), funded by the ANR under contract ANR-09-SEGI-012. It is the result of task 1.1 of the Work Package (WP) 1 : Requirements and Architecture. Its objective is to identify and collect requirements from use cases that are going to be developed in WP 4 (Use cases and Validation). Based on the study and classification of the use cases, requirements against the envisaged framework are then determined and organized in features. These features will aim at guide and control the advances in all work packages of the project. As a start, features are classified, briefly described and related scenarios in the defined use cases are pinpointed. In the following tasks and deliverables, these features will facilitate design by assigning priorities to them and defining success criteria at a finer grain as the project progresses. This report, as the first external document, has no dependency to any other external documents and serves as a reference to future external documents. As it has been built from the use cases studies that have been synthesized in two internal documents of the project, extracts from the two documents are made available as appendices (cf. appen- dices B and C)

Heterologous Expression and Purification Systems for Structural Proteomics of Mammalian Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins (MPs) are responsible for the interface between the exterior and the interior of the cell. These proteins are implicated in numerous diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, hyperinsulinism, heart failure, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. However, studies on these disorders are hampered by a lack of structural information about the proteins involved. Structural analysis requires large quantities of pure and active proteins. The majority of medically and pharmaceutically relevant MPs are present in tissues at very low concentration, which makes heterologous expression in large-scale production-adapted cells a prerequisite for structural studies. Obtaining mammalian MP structural data depends on the development of methods that allow the production of large quantities of MPs. This review focuses on the different heterologous expression systems, and the purification strategies, used to produce large amounts of pure mammalian MPs for structural proteomics

Usefulness and pitfalls of MAA SPECT/CT in identifying digestive extrahepatic uptake when planning liver radioembolization

International audiencePURPOSE: Identifying gastroduodenal uptake of (99m)Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA), which is associated with an increased risk of ulcer disease, is a crucial part of the therapeutic management of patients undergoing radioembolization for liver tumours. Given this context, the use of MAA single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT may be essential, but the procedure has still not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness of MAA SPECT/CT in identifying digestive extrahepatic uptake, while determining potential diagnostic pitfalls. METHODS: Overall, 139 MAA SPECT/CT scans were performed on 103 patients with different hepatic tumour types. Patients were followed up for at least 6 months according to standard requirements. RESULTS: Digestive, or digestive-like, uptake other than free pertechnetate was identified in 5.7% of cases using planar imaging and in 36.6% of cases using SPECT/CT. Uptake sites identified by SPECT/CT included the gastroduodenal region (3.6%), gall bladder (12.2%), portal vein thrombosis (6.5%), hepatic artery (6.5%), coil embolization site (2.1%) as well as falciform artery (5.0%). For 2.1% of explorations, a coregistration error between SPECT and CT imaging could have led to a false diagnosis by erroneously attributing an uptake site to the stomach or gall bladder, when the uptake actually occurred in the liver. CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT is more efficacious than planar imaging in identifying digestive extrahepatic uptake sites, with extrahepatic uptake observed in one third of scans using the former procedure. However, more than half of the uptake sites in our study were vascular in nature, without therapeutic implications. The risk of coregistration errors must also be kept in mind

Present eternity : quests of temporality in the literary production of the "extrême contemporain" in France (The Writings of Dominique Fourcade and Emmanuel Hocquard)

The term \uab extr\ueame contemporain \ubb is an expression currently used by scholars to indicate the French literary production of the last 20 years. This term was used in a work of literature for the first time by the French poet Dominique Fourcade in 1986 (\uc9l\ue9gie L apostrophe E.C.) in reference to an epoch, but also to a new sense of experiencing time and space in the so-called \uab age of digital reproducibility \ubb. The aim of this paper is to consider how the change in temporal protocols due to the triumph of Big Optics (Paul Virilio) affects the sense of teleology (destiny) and the quest for experience in French contemporary poetry (in particular, in the genre of the elegy). Including both memory and anticipation, the \uab extr\ueame contemporain \ubb production seems to prefer the \u201ctime of now\u201d, Jetz-zeit in Benjamin\u2019s words, to past or testimony, and speaks to the present, whose responsibility is to give voice to a space where everything is simply allowed to happen