Study on Gait Efficiency and Energy Cost of Below Knee Amputees After Therapeutic Practices

An earlier research advocated that a below knee amputee (BK) with conventional trans-tibial prosthesis attains higher gait efficiency at lower energy cost with therapeutic practices of proper time and co-ordination in compare to normal subjects of similar physical parameters and quality of life. The present study focused on comparative analysis of energy cost and gait efficiency between a group of below knee amputees and a control group (normal subjects without amputation) to indicate the consistency of the earlier findings. The subjects were selected with similar physical parameters and quality of life. Oxygen Uptake (VO2) and Heart Rate (HR) were measured by Cosmed® k4 b2 analyzer system. Gait efficiency (p < 0.0001) was found higher with lower energy cost for BK amputees after therapeutic practices than control group. The therapeutic activities contributed to efficient gait pattern for amputees ensuring proper time and co-ordination with balance in consistence to the earlier research

Quiet Planting in the Locked Constraint Satisfaction Problems

We study the planted ensemble of locked constraint satisfaction problems. We describe the connection between the random and planted ensembles. The use of the cavity method is combined with arguments from reconstruction on trees and first and second moment considerations; in particular the connection with the reconstruction on trees appears to be crucial. Our main result is the location of the hard region in the planted ensemble. In a part of that hard region instances have with high probability a single satisfying assignment.Comment: 21 pages, revised versio

Structural and electromagnetic study of ferromagnetic semiconductor material

A detail structural and electrical analysis of a few doubleperovskite (La2CoMnO6, La2FeMnO6) and their perovskite counterpart (LaCoO3, LaCrO3and LaFeO3) have been performed. All the compounds are synthesized by wet chemical route(especially by sol-gel & pyropheric route). From XRD data analysis, the samples are found to be in single phase and stoichiometric. The information about the molecular bonding is obtained from the FTIR spectra. The band gap is calculated from UV-Visible spectra and the sample is characterised whether it is semiconducting and insulating. The morphology of the materials has been studied through FESEM and finally the dielectric spectroscopy has been carried out for all compounds

Geotechnical Risk and Reliability from Theory to Practice

Indeterminate combined with evaluating the safety of existing lifeline systems are, large and here one would expect format risk and reliability techniques to have found their most urgent need. Besides, risk analysis has languished in safety practice, is only now beginning to appear in established safety programs in my country. It is of interest to explore the reasons why this has been so, and to point the way to the adaptations that are necessary if risk analysis is to assume its deserved role in life-line systems and related areas of geotechnical practice. This paper has proposed that geotechnical conditions are needed to enable more reliable predictions of performance in practical. The main problem can be establish finally to the fundamental differences in approach between engineering science and engineering practice. In discussing these differences Peck (1979) described how science reasons from first principles based on laboratory behavior and analysis, while field performance data and empirical methods provide the basis for practice

Positive relationship between odor identification and affective responses of negatively valenced odors

Hedonic ratings of odors and olfactory preferences are influenced by a number of modulating factors, such as prior experience and knowledge about an odor&rsquo;s identity. The present study addresses the relationship between knowledge about an odor&rsquo;s identity due to prior experience, assessed by means of a test of cued odor identification, and odor pleasantness ratings in children who exhibit ongoing olfactory learning. Ninety-one children aged 8&ndash;11 years rated the pleasantness of odors in the Sniffin&rsquo; Sticks test and, subsequently, took the odor identification test. A positive association between odor identification and pleasantness was found for two unpleasant food odors (garlic and fish): higher pleasantness ratings were exhibited by those participants who correctly identified these odors compared to those who failed to correctly identify them. However, we did not find a similar effect for any of the more pleasant odors. The results of this study suggest that pleasantness ratings of some odors may be modulated by the knowledge of their identity due to prior experience and that this relationship might be more evident in unpleasant odors

A revised modified Bentall's procedure using aorto-prosthetic hemostatic suture

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Olfactory processing and odor specificity: a meta-analysis of menstrual cycle variation in olfactory sensitivity

Cycle-correlated variation in olfactory threshold, with women becoming more sensitive to odors mid-cycle, is somewhat supported by the literature but the evidence is not entirely consistent, with several studies finding no, or mixed, effects. It has been argued that cyclic shifts in olfactory threshold might be limited to odors relevant to the mating context. We aimed to test whether the evidence currently available points in the direction of odor-specific or, rather, general changes in olfactory sensitivity and, if the former is the case, to what group of odorants in particular. We carried out a meta-analysis of relevant studies which together used a variety of different odorants, including some found in food, body odor, and some that occur in neither of these. First we tested whether there appears to be an overall effect when all studies are included. Next, we hypothesised that if cyclic changes in olfactory processing are odor-specific and tuned to biologically relevant odors, we should find changes in detection thresholds only for odorants found in body odor, or for those that are perceptually similar to it. In contrast, if threshold patterns are linked to more general fluctuations in odor processing across the cycle, we would not expect changes in relation to any particular odorant group. The results support the view that there is significant cycle-correlated variation. Thresholds were in general significantly lower in the fertile than the non-fertile phases, with effect sizes consistently in this direction. This same conclusion applied to both &lsquo;food&rsquo; and &lsquo;musky&rsquo; odorants, despite their different evolutionary significance, and to the androgen steroids (androstadienone, androstenone, and androsterone), but could not be applied to phenyl-ethyl alcohol. The results indicate that olfactory sensitivity may be a non-adaptive by-product of the general physiological fluctuations or differences in neural processing experienced across the cycle to a broad spectrum of odorants, rather than being specifically selected for mate choice-related odors

The Phase Diagram of 1-in-3 Satisfiability Problem

We study the typical case properties of the 1-in-3 satisfiability problem, the boolean satisfaction problem where a clause is satisfied by exactly one literal, in an enlarged random ensemble parametrized by average connectivity and probability of negation of a variable in a clause. Random 1-in-3 Satisfiability and Exact 3-Cover are special cases of this ensemble. We interpolate between these cases from a region where satisfiability can be typically decided for all connectivities in polynomial time to a region where deciding satisfiability is hard, in some interval of connectivities. We derive several rigorous results in the first region, and develop the one-step--replica-symmetry-breaking cavity analysis in the second one. We discuss the prediction for the transition between the almost surely satisfiable and the almost surely unsatisfiable phase, and other structural properties of the phase diagram, in light of cavity method results.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figure

Effect of gender on strength gains after isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback in knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of gender on strength gains after five week training programme that consisted of isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback to the quadriceps muscle.Materials and methodsForty-three (20 men and 23 women) patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), were placed into two groups based on their gender. Both groups performed isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback for five days a week for five weeks.ResultsBoth groups reported gains in muscle strength after five week training. However, the difference was found to be statistically insignificant between the two groups (P=0.224).ConclusionThe results suggest that gender did not affect gains in muscle strength by isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic biofeedback in patients with knee OA

Exhaustive enumeration unveils clustering and freezing in random 3-SAT

We study geometrical properties of the complete set of solutions of the random 3-satisfiability problem. We show that even for moderate system sizes the number of clusters corresponds surprisingly well with the theoretic asymptotic prediction. We locate the freezing transition in the space of solutions which has been conjectured to be relevant in explaining the onset of computational hardness in random constraint satisfaction problems.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure