Manganese pigmented anodized copper as solar selective absorber

The study concerns the optical and structural properties of layers obtained by a new efficient surface treatment totally free of chromium species. The process is made up of an anodic oxidation of copper in an alkaline solution followed by an alkaline potassium permanganate dipping post-treatment. Coatings, obtained at the lab and pilot scales, are stable up to 220 °C in air and vacuum, present low emissivity (0.14 at 70 °C) and high solar absorptivity (0.96), i.e. a suitable thermal efficiency (0.84 at 70 °C)

Statistical Computing on Non-Linear Spaces for Computational Anatomy

International audienceComputational anatomy is an emerging discipline that aims at analyzing and modeling the individual anatomy of organs and their biological variability across a population. However, understanding and modeling the shape of organs is made difficult by the absence of physical models for comparing different subjects, the complexity of shapes, and the high number of degrees of freedom implied. Moreover, the geometric nature of the anatomical features usually extracted raises the need for statistics on objects like curves, surfaces and deformations that do not belong to standard Euclidean spaces. We explain in this chapter how the Riemannian structure can provide a powerful framework to build generic statistical computing tools. We show that few computational tools derive for each Riemannian metric can be used in practice as the basic atoms to build more complex generic algorithms such as interpolation, filtering and anisotropic diffusion on fields of geometric features. This computational framework is illustrated with the analysis of the shape of the scoliotic spine and the modeling of the brain variability from sulcal lines where the results suggest new anatomical findings

Stable Isotope Metabolic Labeling with a Novel 15N-Enriched Bacteria Diet for Improved Proteomic Analyses of Mouse Models for Psychopathologies

The identification of differentially regulated proteins in animal models of psychiatric diseases is essential for a comprehensive analysis of associated psychopathological processes. Mass spectrometry is the most relevant method for analyzing differences in protein expression of tissue and body fluid proteomes. However, standardization of sample handling and sample-to-sample variability are problematic. Stable isotope metabolic labeling of a proteome represents the gold standard for quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. The simultaneous processing of a mixture of labeled and unlabeled samples allows a sensitive and accurate comparative analysis between the respective proteomes. Here, we describe a cost-effective feeding protocol based on a newly developed 15N bacteria diet based on Ralstonia eutropha protein, which was applied to a mouse model for trait anxiety. Tissue from 15N-labeled vs. 14N-unlabeled mice was examined by mass spectrometry and differences in the expression of glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) and histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2 (Hint2) proteins were correlated with the animals' psychopathological behaviors for methodological validation and proof of concept, respectively. Additionally, phenotyping unraveled an antidepressant-like effect of the incorporation of the stable isotope 15N into the proteome of highly anxious mice. This novel phenomenon is of considerable relevance to the metabolic labeling method and could provide an opportunity for the discovery of candidate proteins involved in depression-like behavior. The newly developed 15N bacteria diet provides researchers a novel tool to discover disease-relevant protein expression differences in mouse models using quantitative mass spectrometry

Brain Structure and Degeneration Staging in Friedreich Ataxia: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumetrics from the ENIGMA-Ataxia Working Group

open48siThe method harmonization and multisite data analysis elements of this work were supported by the NIH BD2K (Big Data to Knowledge) program (grant U54 EB020403) and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (fellowship 1106533, grant 1184403).Objective: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited neurological disease defined by progressive movement incoordination. We undertook a comprehensive characterization of the spatial profile and progressive evolution of structural brain abnormalities in people with FRDA. Methods: A coordinated international analysis of regional brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging data charted the whole-brain profile, interindividual variability, and temporal staging of structural brain differences in 248 individuals with FRDA and 262 healthy controls. Results: The brainstem, dentate nucleus region, and superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles showed the greatest reductions in volume relative to controls (Cohen d = 1.5–2.6). Cerebellar gray matter alterations were most pronounced in lobules I–VI (d = 0.8), whereas cerebral differences occurred most prominently in precentral gyri (d = 0.6) and corticospinal tracts (d = 1.4). Earlier onset age predicted less volume in the motor cerebellum (rmax = 0.35) and peduncles (rmax = 0.36). Disease duration and severity correlated with volume deficits in the dentate nucleus region, brainstem, and superior/inferior cerebellar peduncles (rmax = −0.49); subgrouping showed these to be robust and early features of FRDA, and strong candidates for further biomarker validation. Cerebral white matter abnormalities, particularly in corticospinal pathways, emerge as intermediate disease features. Cerebellar and cerebral gray matter loss, principally targeting motor and sensory systems, preferentially manifests later in the disease course. Interpretation: FRDA is defined by an evolving spatial profile of neuroanatomical changes beyond primary pathology in the cerebellum and spinal cord, in line with its progressive clinical course. The design, interpretation, and generalization of research studies and clinical trials must consider neuroanatomical staging and associated interindividual variability in brain measures. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:570–583.openHarding I.H.; Chopra S.; Arrigoni F.; Boesch S.; Brunetti A.; Cocozza S.; Corben L.A.; Deistung A.; Delatycki M.; Diciotti S.; Dogan I.; Evangelisti S.; Franca M.C.; Goricke S.L.; Georgiou-Karistianis N.; Gramegna L.L.; Henry P.-G.; Hernandez-Castillo C.R.; Hutter D.; Jahanshad N.; Joers J.M.; Lenglet C.; Lodi R.; Manners D.N.; Martinez A.R.M.; Martinuzzi A.; Marzi C.; Mascalchi M.; Nachbauer W.; Pane C.; Peruzzo D.; Pisharady P.K.; Pontillo G.; Reetz K.; Rezende T.J.R.; Romanzetti S.; Sacca F.; Scherfler C.; Schulz J.B.; Stefani A.; Testa C.; Thomopoulos S.I.; Timmann D.; Tirelli S.; Tonon C.; Vavla M.; Egan G.F.; Thompson P.M.Harding I.H.; Chopra S.; Arrigoni F.; Boesch S.; Brunetti A.; Cocozza S.; Corben L.A.; Deistung A.; Delatycki M.; Diciotti S.; Dogan I.; Evangelisti S.; Franca M.C.; Goricke S.L.; Georgiou-Karistianis N.; Gramegna L.L.; Henry P.-G.; Hernandez-Castillo C.R.; Hutter D.; Jahanshad N.; Joers J.M.; Lenglet C.; Lodi R.; Manners D.N.; Martinez A.R.M.; Martinuzzi A.; Marzi C.; Mascalchi M.; Nachbauer W.; Pane C.; Peruzzo D.; Pisharady P.K.; Pontillo G.; Reetz K.; Rezende T.J.R.; Romanzetti S.; Sacca F.; Scherfler C.; Schulz J.B.; Stefani A.; Testa C.; Thomopoulos S.I.; Timmann D.; Tirelli S.; Tonon C.; Vavla M.; Egan G.F.; Thompson P.M

Generic acquisition protocol for quantitative MRI of the spinal cord

Quantitative spinal cord (SC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents many challenges, including a lack of standardized imaging protocols. Here we present a prospectively harmonized quantitative MRI protocol, which we refer to as the spine generic protocol, for users of 3T MRI systems from the three main manufacturers: GE, Philips and Siemens. The protocol provides guidance for assessing SC macrostructural and microstructural integrity: T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging for SC cross-sectional area computation, multi-echo gradient echo for gray matter cross-sectional area, and magnetization transfer and diffusion weighted imaging for assessing white matter microstructure. In a companion paper from the same authors, the spine generic protocol was used to acquire data across 42 centers in 260 healthy subjects. The key details of the spine generic protocol are also available in an open-access document that can be found at https://github.com/spine-generic/protocols. The protocol will serve as a starting point for researchers and clinicians implementing new SC imaging initiatives so that, in the future, inclusion of the SC in neuroimaging protocols will be more common. The protocol could be implemented by any trained MR technician or by a researcher/clinician familiar with MRI acquisition