Using a helicon source to simulate atmospheric re-entry plasma densities and temperatures in a laboratory setting

The purpose of this research is to develop a plasma system capable of reproducing plasma densities found during atmospheric re-entry of a capsule. We developed a 150 mm diameter helicon source at the University of Michigan Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) and used a Langmuir probe to characterize plasma properties downstream. The helicon source was operated with argon gas at a background pressure of 0.6 mTorr. We used a commercial RF-compensated single Langmuir probe to measure ion number density and electron temperature in the region downstream of the helicon source where we want to create conditions similar to those found during hypersonic flight within the atmosphere. We measured these values with and without the presence of a large 450 mm wide by 550 mm long surface downstream in the horizontal plane to simulate a vehicle surrounded by plasma in order to determine how the downstream body affects plasma properties. We found that the presence of a surface downstream of the helicon source lowers the downstream plasma density range from between 1.7 10 17 and 3.3 10 17 m 3 down to 0.55 10 17 and 1.3 10 17 m 3 . In addition, the peak plasma potential decreases from 65 to 55 V, but the electron temperature remains unchanged ranging between 1.5 and 6.5 eV.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65079/2/psst9_2_025019.pd

Patient centricity in IS healthcare – a framework proposing enablement, empowerment, and engagement of patients as individual IS users

The core of medicine and care is assisting patients with their health- related problems achieving the best results possible. Yet, recent Information Systems (IS) literature describes patient centered IS healthcare as “supporting assistants with IS”. In need of the patient in the center of the digital transformation process in healthcare, we focus our study on examining the IS scientific community’s contribution to digital healthcare regarding patients in the digital transformation process. We conducted an explorative, systematic but selective review of journal articles published in the best Senior Scholar Journals of the Association of Information Systems. Our results reveal a) a framework for digital health research in IS indicating underrepresented research directions, and b) three propositions on patient centricity in IS healthcare focusing on patient enablement, empowerment, and engagement as central streams

Decoding the Landscape of Smart City Platforms: A Taxonomy Approach

The notion of Smart Cities (SC) has gained significant attention in re-cent years as cities are becoming more connected, integrated and technologically advanced. Smart City Platforms (SCPs) have emerged as an important element of this movement, representing the backbone for collecting, processing, and an-alyzing urban data streams from peripheral devices and systems in a city. This study seeks to identify the key dimensions and characteristics of SCPs. Based on a systematic literature, we crafted a taxonomy following Nickerson et al. (2013) guidelines. The taxonomy contributes to existing literature, offering a set of char-acterizations of SCPs which provides a framework to thoroughly analyze SCPs. Further, we gain extra insights about their differences and their distinct layers

Municipal Digital Transformation in the Fast Lane? Changes in German Municipalities due to Covid-19

The start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 changed life as we know it in many ways. Many organizations, including municipalities, were forced to implement the government’s new pandemic regulations and digitally map municipal processes in a short period of time. We conducted a case study over a 16-month period (subdivided into three phases) to examine the changes in municipalities. In doing so, we compared and evaluated the changes in the municipal fields of action with the digital transformation plans (pre-Covid). The findings show that changes have taken place in many fields of action, most of them in Administration, Education, People and Health. It is remarkable that some changes only started at a certain phase, like building competences, and others showed a continuous change, like IT-equipment. Finally, completely new measures have appeared in addition to a more intensive design of the digital transformation measures that were actually planned

To be or not to be stressed:Designing autonomy to reduce stress at work

BACKGROUND: Many organizations are undertaking efforts to reduce the stress of (oftentimes overworked) employees Information Technology (IT) (e.g., smartphones) has the potential to be a key instrument for reducing stress One design-relevant factor considered to reduce stress is the concept of autonomy Unfortunately, little research exists using autonomy as a characteristic of technology design OBJECTIVE: Against this background, this study aimed to investigate specific autonomy-related design options with the potential to prevent stress METHODS: In a factorial survey, this experimental study tested three design options in an overwork scenario: 1) autonomy (no intervention by design), 2) nudge ('nudging' by design), and 3) enforcement (hard stop by design) 51 participants (mean age 38 years, 50% women, mean work experience 18 years) from the Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Germany participated in the experiment for 330 seconds on average To test our hypothesis, we used a two-step approach First, a multiple linear regression was applied Second, we carried out a one-way ANCOVA comparing the effects of our design options RESULTS: Our results indicate that autonomy can be manipulated through technology design and is negatively correlated with stress Additionally, the design options autonomy and nudge were associated with lower levels of perceived stress than was enforcement CONCLUSION: The study proposes a careful use of IT and policies that limit the perceived autonomy of employees Overall, this study offers a set of design recommendations arguing that organizations should implement technology that helps employees prevent overwork and maintain their autonomy.</p

The Low-Code Phenomenon: Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Research

The term low-code has been closely associated with simplifying and accelerating software development. Driven by the idea that low-code can help to meet the increased digitalization demands, the low-code phenomenon is rising in academia and industry. This resulted in an immense increase in publications on low-code, posing the question of what research streams characterize the low-code literature. Conducting bibliometric analysis on 725 articles, we unpack the intellectual structure of low-code literature and uncover how it relates to other research fields. Our contribution is to clarify the conceptual understanding of low-code by identifying six research streams, namely, origins of low-code within software engineering (SE), low-code as an enabler for emerging SE trends, workplace transformation, establishing low-code methodologies, understanding low-code adoption and leveraging low-code for digital transformation. We conclude with future research directions that still need to be explored within the low-code literature

The Low-Code Phenomenon: Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Research

The term low-code has been closely associated with simplifying and accelerating software development. Driven by the idea that low-code can help to meet the increased digitalization demands, the low-code phenomenon is rising in academia and industry. This resulted in an immense increase in publications on low-code, posing the question of what research streams characterize the low-code literature. Conducting bibliometric analysis on 725 articles, we unpack the intellectual structure of low-code literature and uncover how it relates to other research fields. Our contribution is to clarify the conceptual understanding of low-code by identifying six research streams, namely, origins of low-code within software engineering (SE), low-code as an enabler for emerging SE trends, workplace transformation, establishing low-code methodologies, understanding low-code adoption and leveraging low-code for digital transformation. We conclude with future research directions that still need to be explored within the low-code literature

Development of an Annular Helicon Source for Electric Propulsion Applications

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76441/1/AIAA-2006-4841-172.pd

Characterizing Species Composition in Radio-Frequency Plasma Produced from Water Vapor

Abstract: Using hydrogen as an energy carrier has the potential to address the need to reduce oil consumption and pollution. However, hydrogen is only as clean as the method employed for its production. This work experimentally investigates an unconventional method of hydrogen production by breaking up water molecules in a radio-frequency plasma. This paper demonstrates that this proposed method can successfully dissociate water molecules and presents some characteristics of the RF plasma produced from water vapor including floating potential, ion saturation current, and partial pressures of the gases. Of most relevance to the goal of this project is the hydrogen partial pressure, and it is shown that for the same vacuum facility pumping speed, operating the RF plasma source at increased pressure and mass flow rate produces less hydrogen. For the same mass flow rate and at RF power greater than 1000 watts, the partial pressure of hydrogen to total pressure is higher for lower chamber pressure