2,358 research outputs found
Low Energy Singlets in the Excitation Spectrum of the Spin Tetrahedra System Cu_2Te_2O_5Br_2
Low energy Raman scattering of the s=1/2 spin tetrahedra system
Cu_2Te_2O_5Br_2 is dominated by an excitation at 18 cm^{-1} corresponding to an
energy E_S=0.6\Delta, with \Delta the spin gap of the compound. For elevated
temperatures this mode shows a soft mode-like decrease in energy pointing to an
instability of the system. The isostructural reference system Cu_2Te_2O_5Cl_2
with a presumably larger inter-tetrahedra coupling does not show such a low
energy mode. Instead its excitation spectrum and thermodynamic properties are
compatible with long range Neel-ordering. We discuss the observed effects in
the context of quantum fluctuations and competing ground states.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, ISSP-Kashiwa 2001, Conference on Correlated
Electron
Anomalous frequency and intensity scaling of collective and local modes in a coupled spin tetrahedron system
We report on the magnetic excitation spectrum of the coupled spin tetrahedral
system CuTeOCl using Raman scattering on single
crystals. The transition to an ordered state at T=18.2 K evidenced
from thermodynamic data leads to the evolution of distinct low-energy magnetic
excitations superimposed by a broad maximum. These modes are ascribed to
magnons with different degree of localization and a two-magnon continuum. Two
of the modes develop a substantial energy shift with decreasing temperature
similar to the order parameter of other Neel ordered systems. The other two
modes show only a negligible temperature dependence and dissolve above the
ordering temperature in a continuum of excitations at finite energies. These
observations point to a delicate interplay of magnetic inter- and
intra-tetrahedra degrees of freedom and an importance of singlet fluctuations
in describing a spin dynamics.Comment: 7pages, 6figures, 1tabl
Substitution effects on spin fluctuations in the spin-Peierls compound CuGeO_3
Using Raman scattering we studied the effect of substitutions on 1D spin
fluctuations in CuGeO_3 observed as a spinon continuum in frustration induced
exchange scattering. For temperatures below the spin-Peierls transition
(T_{SP}=14K) the intensity of this continuum at 120-500 cm^{-1} is
exponentially suppressed and transferred into a 3D two-magnon density of
states. Besides a spin-Peierls gap-induced mode at 30 cm^{-1} and additional
modes at 105 and 370 cm^{-1} are observed. Substitution of Zn on the Cu-site
and Si on the Ge-site of CuGeO_3 quenches easily the spin-Peierls state.
Consequently a suppression of the spin-Peierls gap observable below T_{SP}=14K
as well as a change of the temperature dependence of the spinon continuum are
observed. These effects are discussed in the context of a dimensional crossover
of this compound below T_{SP} and strong spin-lattice interaction.Comment: 9 pages, 2 eps figures include
Positive contraction mappings for classical and quantum Schrodinger systems
The classical Schrodinger bridge seeks the most likely probability law for a
diffusion process, in path space, that matches marginals at two end points in
time; the likelihood is quantified by the relative entropy between the sought
law and a prior, and the law dictates a controlled path that abides by the
specified marginals. Schrodinger proved that the optimal steering of the
density between the two end points is effected by a multiplicative functional
transformation of the prior; this transformation represents an automorphism on
the space of probability measures and has since been studied by Fortet,
Beurling and others. A similar question can be raised for processes evolving in
a discrete time and space as well as for processes defined over non-commutative
probability spaces. The present paper builds on earlier work by Pavon and
Ticozzi and begins with the problem of steering a Markov chain between given
marginals. Our approach is based on the Hilbert metric and leads to an
alternative proof which, however, is constructive. More specifically, we show
that the solution to the Schrodinger bridge is provided by the fixed point of a
contractive map. We approach in a similar manner the steering of a quantum
system across a quantum channel. We are able to establish existence of quantum
transitions that are multiplicative functional transformations of a given Kraus
map, but only for the case of uniform marginals. As in the Markov chain case,
and for uniform density matrices, the solution of the quantum bridge can be
constructed from the fixed point of a certain contractive map. For arbitrary
marginal densities, extensive numerical simulations indicate that iteration of
a similar map leads to fixed points from which we can construct a quantum
bridge. For this general case, however, a proof of convergence remains elusive.Comment: 27 page
Magnetic Bound States in Dimerized Quantum Spin Systems
Magnetic bound states are a general phenomenon in low dimensional
antiferromagnets with gapped singlet states. Using Raman scattering on three
compounds as dedicated examples we show how exchange topology, dimensionality,
defects and thermal fluctuations influence the properties and the spectral
weight of these states.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the SCES'98, Paris, to be published
in Physica
Energy-level ordering and ground-state quantum numbers for frustrated two-leg spin-1/2 ladder model
The Lieb-Mattis theorem about antiferromagnetic ordering of energy levels on
bipartite lattices is generalized to finite-size two-leg spin-1/2 ladder model
frustrated by diagonal interactions. For reflection-symmetric model with
site-dependent interactions we prove exactly that the lowest energies in
sectors with fixed total spin and reflection quantum numbers are monotone
increasing functions of total spin. The nondegeneracy of most levels is proved
also. We also establish the uniqueness and obtain the spin value of the
lowest-level multiplet in the whole sector formed by reflection-symmetric
(antisymmetric) states. For a wide range of coupling constants, we prove that
the ground state is a unique spin singlet. For other values of couplings, it
may be also a unique spin triplet or may consist of both multiplets. Similar
results have been obtained for the ladder with arbitrary boundary impurity
spin. Some partial results have also been obtained in the case of periodical
boundary conditions.Comment: 17 page
TiOCl, an orbital-ordered system?
We present first principles density functional calculations and downfolding
studies of the electronic and magnetic properties of the layered quantum spin
system
TiOCl. We discuss explicitely the nature of the exchange pathes and attempt
to clarify the concept of orbital ordering in this material. An analysis of the
electronic structure of slightly distorted structures according to the phononic
modes allowed in this material suggests that this system is subject to large
orbital fluctuations driven by the electron-phonon coupling. Based on these
results, we propose a microscopic explanation of the behavior of TiOCl near the
phase transition to a spin-gapped system.Comment: Some figures are compressed, for higher quality please contact the
author
Xenogeneic, extracorporeal liver perfusion in primates improves the ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (Fischer's ratio)
In fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), the development of hepatic encephalopathy is associated with grossly abnormal concentrations of plasma amino acids (PAA). Normalization of the ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (Fischer's ratio) correlates with clinical improvement. This study evaluated changes in PAA metabolism during 4 h of isolated, normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion using a newly designed system containing human blood and a rhesus monkey liver. Bile and urea production were within the physiological range. Release of the transaminases AST, ALT and LDH were minimal. The ratio of branched (valine, leucine, isoleucine) to aromatic (tyrosine, phenylalanine) amino acids increased significantly. These results indicate that a xenogeneic extracorporeal liver perfusion system is capable of significantly increasing Fischer's ratio and may play a role in treating and bridging patients in FHF in the future
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