Геоморфология хребта Девяностого градуса

This paper explores the geomorphological features of the Ninety East Ridge (NER), Indian Ocean. NER presents especially long and linear topographic structure formed as a result of complex regional geophysical and geologic development. The research is based on high precision bathymetric, geological and gravity data. The submarine geomorphology of NER was digitized as three cross-sectional profiles. The profiles were selected in northern, central and southern segments. The depths were visualized in graphs, compared and statistically analyzed by histograms. The study contributes to the geophysical studies of the Indian Ocean.В данной статье исследуются пространственные вариации геоморфологии хребта Девяностого градуса, также известного как Восточно-Индийский хребет (ВИХ) в Индийском океане в трех сегментах. ВИХ представляет собой необычайно протяженный линейный батиметрический объект с топографией, отражающей сложные геофизические условия и геологическую эволюцию. Исследование основано на компиляции наборов батиметрических, геологических и гравиметрических данных высокого разрешения. Подводная геоморфология была смоделирована с помощью оцифрованных профилей поперечного сечения. Были выбраны три сегмента по геоморфологическим особенностям ВИХ: 1) северный; 2) центральный; 3) южный. Измеренные глубины были визуализированы в виде графиков, проведен сравнительный анализ статистических гистограмм распределения и повторяемости глубин. Работа вносит вклад в региональные исследования геоморфологии дна Индийского океана

GeoInformation Technologies of Object Based Image Analysis OBIA for Urban Mapping

Current work is aimed at the deriving of information from the remote sensed VHR data using a priori knowledge in the Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach. OBIA technology is new and effective tool for urban mapping, as it enables dealing with raster images for detailed and precise cartography. Specific focus of this study is selected urban areas of the city of Brussels, Belgium. The study is performed using panchromatic very high resolution (VHR) image processed in the eCognition software

Google Earth web service as a support for GIS mapping in geospatial research at universities

Данная работа представляет результат геопространственного анализа выбранной территории (западная часть Турции, регион Измир) с комбинированным использованием космических снимков Google Earth, Landsat TM и ГИС ПО Erdas Imagine. В работе рассмотрены преимущества совместного использования космических снимков разной категории и детальности (мультиспектральные снимки Landsat TM и ETM+, а также Google Earth веб-сервис) вкупе с ГИС обеспечением для задач геопространственного анализа, часто решаемые в Высшей школе на курсах географии и наук о Земле. Данная работа приводит пример успешного изучения ландшафтов. Изучение распространения различных типов земной поверхности, моделированное с помощью Landsat TM и Google Earth позволяет анализировать динамику изменений ландшафтов, а также подтверждает возможность эффективного использования веб-сервиса Google Earth для тематического картографирования. Для классификации снимков были использованы технологии обработки снимков методами доступных модулей ПО Erdas Imagine. Веб-сервис Google Earth был успешно использован для верификации и валидации результатов картографирования с помощью модуля «Linking with Google Earth»

Sustainability of the Marine Environment Towards the Anthropogenic Impacts in the Ecosystem of the Barents Sea

Among all Arctic seas, the Barents Sea is characterized by its unique environment and high level of the biodiversity. At the same time the Gulf Stream waters transport large amounts of pollutants in the Barents Sea bringing various contaminants and substances from the North Sea. Nowadays, there are in Timan Pechora-Carboniferous basin located in the Barents Sea with 76 oil and gas subsidies, which store a quarter of all Russian oil. The ecological stress on the Barents environment is extremely high. As a result of contamination, the current state of the Arctic environment in the unique area of the Barents Sea may become threatening provided human impact remains at the same level. This article demonstrates the problem of nature resistance towards human impact. It shows negative human impact on the environment. Current geo-ecological situation in the Barents Sea as a unique hydrodynamic system is analyzed. The consideration is given both to the level of negative human impacts on the marine ecosystem as well as to the resistance of nature, i.e. the ability to deal with environmental stress, multiplied by their geographical location in the Arctic climate

Current Development of Tourism and Recreation on Baltic Sea Coasts New Directions and Perspectives

Presented at VIth International Tourism Congress. Oral presentation. Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal, Nov. 201

Current Problems of Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia Tian Shan Basin

The paper focuses on analysis of Central Asian hydro- energetic system and water usage in Tian Shan region. Tian Shan system is an important water resource in Central Asia: river waters are intensely taken for hydropower energy, urban systems, irrigation. But geopolitics in Tian Shan is difficult: it crosses five densely populated countries. The problem consists in water delivery between countries located in the highlands with excellent water supply (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) and those located in valleys with water shortage (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). The water use causes debates among these countries. Besides, global warming causes water deficit, which adds difficulties to hydro- energetics. A multidisciplinary analysis was performed in the article: water supply in Tian Shan, spatial distribution of hydro- energetic resources and effects of climate impact were analyzed. </div

Topography of the Aleutian Trench south-east off Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea, in the context of the geological development of North Pacific Ocean

The research is focused on the topographic modelling and mapping of the Aleutian Trench. The study area is situated in the Bering Sea, a marginal sea located northernmost of the Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and Kamchatka Peninsula. The geological setting of the region is characterized by the subduction of the oceanic Pacific Plate below the continental North American Plate. Other features include high seismic activity along the Aleutian island arcs bordering the oceanic seafloor. The objective of this paper is to explore the interaction between the geophysical setting affecting the relief of the seafloor by using geoinformation techniques and geological analysis. In the hypothesis of this study, variations in the geophysical fields as independent variables are reflected in the morphology of the seafloor, which can be observed using data visualization by the advanced cartographic scripting solutions. The open source high-resolution topographic map (ETOPO1), marine free-air gravity and Bouguer gravity anomaly data were used and integrated to investigate the po-tential correlation between the geophysical, geological, tectonic and topographic settings of the Bering Sea. Our main method includes bathymetric mapping of the area with publicly available bathymetric data using GMT. Materials include open source data: ETOPO1 raster grid with 1 arc-minute resolution, EGM96 gravity and vector contour layers of GMT. The research included complex thematic mapping of the region, includ-ing topographic, contour, geodetic and geophysical mapping, 3D modelling and geomorphological plotting of the 30 cross-section segments of the trench located SE off the Bowers Ridge. According to the processed ETOPO1 dataset, the minimal depth is-8480 m and the mean is-3089.154 m. The geoid undulations model shows that the majority of the gravity values lie in the interval between-10 and 20 m with the lowest values along the trench. The statistical histogram shows that the most common depth value in the segment of the Aleutian Trench is-4800 m, occurring 1722 times. The profile linear trend modelling was done with four dif-ferent approaches of the regression model (y = f(x) + e) by weighted least squares (WLS) with arguments: 1) m2 t = a + bt (polynomial model degree one); 2) m3 t = a + bt + ct2 (polynomial model degree two); 3) m4 t = a + bt + ct2 + dcos2π*t + esin2π*t (polynomial model with Fourier series one); and 4) additional plotting residuals. Surface modelling was performed using xyz modelling from the ASCII data enlarging fragment towards SE of the Bowers Ridge. The tested functionality of modules of GMT presented an effective cartographic scripting toolset enabling a precise topographic mapping and 3D modelling. The paper contributes to a more detailed understanding of the Pacific Ocean seafloor bathymetry, more specifically of the selected segment of the Aleutian Trench near Bowers Ridge area

Opportunities for Classes of Geography in the High School the Use of CORINE Project Data Satellite Images and IDRISI GIS for Geovisualization

Presented work illustrates application of the GIS based processing of various geographic data: satellite images and CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) layers at the lessons of geography in the high schools and universities. The research illustrates GIS application for understanding, visualizing and modeling landscapes of the Earth. Practically, the work aims to demonstrate students, how mapping land cover types can be done using GIS and combination of vector and raster geospatial data. Practical example of this work is application of IDRISI GIS and geospatial data towards a study region, located on the coasts of the Baltic Sea: Pärnu region. The GIS project was performed using Landsat TM satellite image and thematic CORINE layers showing land cover and vegetation types. The CORINE project was started in 1985 in the European Union (EU). This is a cartographic database common and standardized for the EU. The project consists of 44 land cover types in classes, presented as a series of maps at a scale of 1:100 000. This database is available for the most areas of Europe (EU) including Estonia. There are numerous examples of Figure 1-Study area: western Estonia, Pärnu regio

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame a Case Study of the Mariana Trench Pacific Ocean

The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study interconnections among these determinants. Technically, the research was performed by R programming language, statistical analysis, and QuantumGIS. Methodology includes a range of the statistical methods for data processing, the most important of which is cluster analysis. The results revealed unevenness of the factors affecting trench bathymetric structure, caused by the environmental conditions

Effectiveness of the Geospatial Data Processing and Use of Statistical Information for Proper Environmental Planning and Zoning Example of the umava National Park Czech Republic

Current paper details methodology and principles of the zoning and ranging of the nature reserve area of Šumava National Park (Czech Republic) aimed at the effective planning and monitoring special nature areas.Methodology includes complex geoecological assessment of the territory, GIS application and processing of statristical data. The specific case study includes unique nature area of the Šumava National Park located on the border terrotory Czech Republic-Germany. The methods used in this case study can be applied for similar research aimed at nature conservation and environmental audit