Teoría-praxis: fundamentación de su relación desde la postura de Jürgen Habermas

"La relación entre la Praxis —entendida como el actuar humano— y la Teoría —entendida como una suma de elementos de conocimientos en aras del orden y la conducta— que la fundamente es indisoluble en el recorrer de la filosofía durante los últimos 2000 años que constituyen su historia; es por ello que Habermas no puede ser la excepción y dedica mucho tiempo al análisis de la naturaleza de dicha relación en obras como, por ejemplo, Teoría y praxis, pues su objetivo es, finalmente, dar su propia versión de un fundamento para la praxis. Este trabajo busca dar cuenta de este fundamento en la constelación de la obra de Habermas a partir de un análisis de los componentes de la teoría, aquello que Habermas configura en la relación teoría-praxis; para estos fines se considerará la constitución de la teoría en tanto ciencia, y la ciencia desde la óptica de la teoría de los intereses cognoscitivos de los que Habermas se ocupa en Conocimiento e Interés. Dicho análisis estará guiado por las ideas habermasianas encontradas en las obras Teoría y praxis (1963), Ciencia y técnica como “ideología” (1968) y Conocimiento e Interés (1968)"

Exercise improves mental health status of young adults via attenuating inflammation factors but modalities matter

IntroductionThe mental health of young adults is a global public health challenge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise benefits mental health. However, it is still unclear which exercise mode is optimal for protecting mental health and its association with the immune system. This study aimed to compare the intervention effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training (MVCT) on mental health and assess the underlying mechanism of exercise interventions to improve the immune system, which facilitated the mental health status.MethodsThis is a double-blinded RCT study conducted from October 13, 2020 to January 25, 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04830059). Ninety-three participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into the HIIT (N = 33), MVCT (N = 32), and control groups (N = 28) with a mean age of 25.26 (SD = 2.21), and 43% of males enrolled in the study. Professional coaches guided participants in HIIT and MVCT groups to perform 40 min of exercise training three times a week for 12-week while those in the control group received 1 h of health education twice a week. Questionnaires related to mental health status and blood samples of inflammatory factors, including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (Alb), globulin (GLO), lymphocytes (LYM), and lymphocyte percentage (LYM) were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsWe found that blood inflammation factors increased significantly in the control group during 12 weeks (ΔIgA = 0.16 g/L, ΔIgM = 0.092 g/L, ΔAlb = 2.59 g/L, ΔGlo = 3.08 g/L, ΔLYM = 0.36, and ΔLYM% = 3.72%, p < 0.05), and both MVCT and HIIT intervention could effectively defend the increased inflammatory response compared with the control group (IgA: MVCT β = −0.14, p < 0.001, HIIT β = −0.096, p < 0.05; IgM: MVCT β = −0.12, p < 0.001; HIIT β = −0.068, p < 0.05; Alb: MVCT β = −1.64, p < 0.05, HIIT β = −1.14, p > 0.05; Glo: MVCT β = −3.17, p < 0.001, HIIT β = −2.07, p < 0.01; LYM: MVCT β = −0.34, p < 0.05, HIIT β = −0.35, p < 0.05). However, the MVCT intervention modality was more conducive to enhancing positive affect (β = 0.52, p = 0.018) and well-being (β = 1.08, p = 0.035) than HIIT. Furthermore, decreased IgA, Alb, and Glo were associated with improved mental health.ConclusionBoth 12-week HIIT and MVCT are beneficial to the immune system. The MVCT intervention mode is recommended to prevent mental health problems and attenuate immune inflammation, and the immune system is a potential mechanism that exercises improving mental health.Clinical trial registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04830059]

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: To use a quantitative approach to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on sleep for adults. Methods: PubMed, Ebsco, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to December 2020. Intervention studies with a control group that examined the effects of HIIT interventions on sleep were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Effect sizes (ESs), calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) and standardized mean difference (SMD), were used to examine the effects of objective outcomes and subjective outcomes separately. Results: A large increase in sleep quality (SQ) reflected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global scores [WMD = −0.90, 95%CI (−1.72, −0.07), p = 0.03, n = 8] and a small-to-medium favorable effect on sleep efficiency (SE) [SMD = 0.43, 95%CI (0.20, 0.65), p = 0.0002, n = 10] were found after HIIT intervention. In addition, sub-analyses results suggest that ESs were moderated by the type, duration and frequency, as well as the length of the HIIT intervention. Conclusions: HIIT may be a promising way to improve overall subjective SQ and objective SE. PROSPERO, protocol registration number: CRD42021241734

Research on method for high sensitive detection of harmful gases in livestock houses based on laser absorption spectrum

Harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock and poultry houses can seriously damage the health of livestock and poultry as well as animal keepers, so it is great significant to detect these harmful gases rapidly and accurately for the improvement of the welfare of animals and the health of animal keepers. Laser absorption spectroscopy is a gas detection method with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, and is widely used in industrial gas detection. However, it needs further exploring to verify whether laser absorption spectroscopy is useful in detecting low concentration harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses. This paper researches on the method for high-sensitivity detection of harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses based on laser absorption spectroscopy by detecting the absorption signals of ammonia with a self-designed system including a tunable laser wavelength scanning system, a photoelectric detecting system and a long light path gas absorption well, and verifies that laser absorption spectroscopy can be used for detecting harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses

The Effect of Exercise Intervention on Reducing the Fall Risk in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Exercise intervention has a positive effect on reducing the fall risk in older adults. To investigate the effect of different factors of exercise intervention (type, duration, and frequency) on reducing the fall risk in older adults, a meta-analysis was performed in this study. According to the PRISMA®, two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to assess the quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. A total of 648 subjects in 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this study, and the exercise interventions included integrated training (resistance training, core training, and balance training), balance training, core training, Pilates, Ba Duan Jin, and Tai Chi. These studies show that exercise intervention has a huge and significant impact on reducing the risk of falls of the elderly. In conclusion, an integrated intervention with a frequency of more than five times a week and a duration of more than 32 weeks are more effective in reducing the fall risk

Bibliometric Evaluation of Global Tai Chi Research from 1980–2020

While studies on the health benefits of Tai Chi have sprung up over the past four decades, few have engaged in collecting global data, estimating the developing trends, and conducting reviews from the perspective of visualization and bibliometric analysis. This study aimed to provide a summary of the global scientific outputs on Tai Chi research from 1980 to 2020, explore the frontiers, identify cooperation networks, track research trends and highlight emerging hotspots. Relevant publications were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 1980 and 2020. Bibliometric visualization and comparative analysis of authors, cited authors, journals, co-cited journals, institutions, countries, references, and keywords were systematically conducted using CiteSpace software. A total of 1078 publications satisfied the search criteria, and the trend of annual related publications was generally in an upward trend, although with some fluctuations. China (503) and Harvard University (74) were the most prolific country and institution, respectively. Most of the related researches were published in the journals with a focus on sport sciences, alternative medicine, geriatrics gerontology, and rehabilitation. Our results indicated that the current concerns and difficulties of Tai Chi research are “Intervention method”, “Targeted therapy”, “Applicable population”, “Risk factors”, and “Research quality”. The frontiers and promising domains of Tai Chi exercise in the health science field are preventions and rehabilitations of “Fall risk”, “Cardiorespiratory related disease”, “Stroke”, “Parkinson’s disease”, and “Depression”, which should receive more attention in the future

Gas Imaging with Uncooled Thermal Imager

Gas imaging has become one of the research hotspots in the field of gas detection due to its significant advantages, such as high efficiency, large range, and dynamic visualization. It is widely used in industries such as natural gas transportation, chemical, and electric power industries. With the development of infrared detector technology, uncooled thermal imagers are undergoing a developmental stage of technological advancement and widespread application. This article introduces a gas imaging principle and radiation transfer model, focusing on passive imaging technology and active imaging technology. Combined with the actual analysis, the application scenarios using uncooled thermal imaging cameras for gas imaging measurement are analyzed. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the development of gas imaging technology are analyzed

Rapid Determination of Different Ripening Stages of Occidental Pears (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) by Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS)

Determination of Occidental pear (Pyrus communis) ripening is difficult because the appearance of Occidental pears does not change significantly during the ripening process. Occidental pears at different ripening stages release different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be used to determine fruit ripeness non-destructively and rapidly. In this study, VOCs were detected using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Notably, data were acquired within 1 min. Occidental pears harvested at five separate times were divided into three ripening stages: unripe, ripe, and overripe. The results showed that the composition of VOCs differed depending on the ripening stage. In particular, the concentrations of esters and terpenes significantly increased during the overripe stage. Three ripening stages were clearly discriminated by heatmap clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). This study provided a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate the ripening stages of Occidental pears. The result can help fruit farmers to decide the optimum harvest time and hence reduce their economic losses

Potential using of infrared thermal imaging to detect volatile compounds released from decayed grapes

<div><p>Previous studies have demonstrated variations in volatile compound content during fruit spoilage. Infrared spectroscopy was proposed as an alternative method to discriminate the various states of decayed fruit through the makeup of their volatile compounds. Based on the infrared spectra of volatile compounds obtained from decayed grapes, this study simplified the extraction of their feature spectra and visualized their gas plumes by using a commercial infrared thermal camera equipped with a custom-made wavelength filter. As a function of volatilization gradients, accumulated gray value and imaging area were proposed as indicators for semi-quantitative analysis in a volatilization range similar to that of ethanol solutions ranging from 10% to 70%. Fresh, seriously decayed, and slightly or moderately decayed grapes were rapidly discriminated through their alcoholic volatiles by thermal images with correct classification ratings of 100%, 93.3%, and 90%, respectively.</p></div