Exploring N-acyl-4-azatetracyclo[5.3.2.0.0]dodec-11-enes as 11β-HSD1 Inhibitors

We recently found that a cyclohexanecarboxamide derived from 4-azatetracyclo[5.3.2.02,6.08,10]dodec-11-ene displayed low nanomolar inhibition of 11β-HSD1. In continuation of our efforts to discover potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors, herein we explored several replacements for the cyclohexane ring. Some derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activity against human 11β-HSD1, although with low selectivity over the isoenzyme 11β-HSD2, and poor microsomal stability

Factores asociados al abandono total o parcial de la lactancia materna en niños de hasta 6 meses en Hospital Español de Mendoza

La principal motivación para la elaboración de la presente investigación, tuvo lugar en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Español de Mendoza, donde se observaba a las madres abandonar la lactancia materna antes de los 6 meses, debido a que se le “secó la leche" u otro motivo específico debido a enfermedades de sus glándulas mamarias, al desconocimiento propio por su edad, por preocupaciones relacionadas con aspectos de estética, laborales, etc. Esta situación motivó a plantear como objetivo de la investigación: determinar los principales factores psicosociales que influyen en el abandono de la lactancia natural y la incorporación de lactancia artificial. La presente investigación permitirá conocer las principales causas por las cuales las madres están abandonando la práctica de la lactancia materna e incorporando la lactancia artificial en sus hijos/as menores de 6 meses, para contribuir con una propuesta que pueda lograr el fortalecimiento de los conocimientos de las madres del sector de Pediatría del Hospital Español, acerca de la importancia de la leche materna como alimento exclusivo para el niño/a menor de 6 meses y las desventajas de que el infante de estas edades ingiera leche artificial.Fil: Echenique, Rosana.Fil: Montes, Alberto.Fil: Pinto Leiva, Margarita

Pentafluorosulfanyl-containing Triclocarban Analogs with Potent Antimicrobial Activity

Concerns have been raised about the long-term accumulating effects of triclocarban, a polychlorinated diarylurea widely used as an antibacterial soap additive, in the environment and in human beings. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration has recently banned it from personal care products. Herein, we report the synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of novel N,N'-diarylureas as triclocarban analogs, designed by reducing one or more chlorine atoms of the former and/or replacing them by the novel pentafluorosulfanyl group, a new bioisostere of the trifluoromethyl group, with growing importance in drug discovery. Interestingly, some of these pentafluorosulfanyl-bearing ureas exhibited high potency, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, and high selectivity index, while displaying a lower spontaneous mutation frequency than triclocarban. Some lines of evidence suggest a bactericidal mode of action for this family of compounds. Keywords: antibacterial; Gram-positive; N,N0-diarylureas; pentafluorosulfanyl; Staphylococcus aureus; triclocarba

SER CRIANÇA NA CLASSE HOSPITALAR: A DIMENSÃO PSICOLÓGICA NA INTERFACE EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE

A hospitalização na infância pode alterar significativamente o desenvolvimento dos pacientes envolvidos, uma vez que restringe as suas relações de convivência, dado o afastamento da família, dos amigos e da sua escola, substituída por um ambiente onde a dor e a doença podem vir a ser presenças constantes. O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a contribuição da Classe Hospitalar (CH) sobre as dificuldades recorrentes da hospitalização de crianças em idade escolar, considerando-se os aspectos emocionais, físicos e cognitivos envolvidos neste contexto. Com base no levantamento bibliográfico realizado, verificou-se a existência de um consenso sobre os benefícios da CH, que, ao promover aprendizagem de conteúdos escolares, concomitantemente participa positivamente do desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional dos alunos

11β-HSD1 Inhibition Rescues SAMP8 Cognitive Impairment Induced by Metabolic Stress

Ageing and obesity have been shown to increase the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Besides, elevated glucocorticoid (GCs) levels cause metabolic stress and have been associated with the neurodegenerative process. Direct pieces of evidence link the reduction of GCs caused by the inhibition of 11β-HSD type 1 (11β-HSD1) with cognitive improvement. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (i) RL-118 after high-fat diet (HFD) treatment in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). We found an improvement in glucose intolerance induced by HFD in mice treated with RL-118, a significant reduction in 11β-HSD1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein levels. Furthermore, specific modifications in the FGF21 activation after treatment with 11β-HSD1i, RL-118, which induced changes in SIRT1/PGC1α/AMPKα pathway, were found. Oxidative stress (OS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as inflammatory markers and microglial activation, were significantly diminished in HFD mice treated with 11β-HSD1i. Remarkably, treatment with 11β-HSD1i altered PERK pathway in both diet groups, increasing autophagy only in HFD mice group. After RL-118 treatment, a decrease in glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) activation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1 protein levels and the product β-CTF were found. Increases in the non-amyloidogenic secretase ADAM10 protein levels and the product sAPPα were found in both treated mice, regardless of the diet. Consequently, beneficial effects on social behaviour and cognitive performance were found in treated mice. Thus, our results support the therapeutic strategy of selective 11β-HSD1i for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and AD

Sinergia industria farmacéutica y academia: proyectos y servicios para la industria de la Facultad de Farmacia de Barcelona

El trabajo presentado pone de manifiesto que en la Facultad de Farmacia existen grupos de investigación y tecnología (básica y aplicada) a disposición de la Industria Farmacéutica ofreciendo diferentes tipos de serviciosLa Facultad de Farmacia de Barcelona, desde siempre ha tenido una relación muy cercana a la industria químico farmacéutica del entorno. Desde hace años se ha reconocido la calidad de este trabajo por entidades terceras (Tecnio y ACC1Ó, entre otras).En este trabajo se presenta el histórico de dos centros de investigación y transferencia que llevan años colaborando con la industria: el Servicio de Desarrollo del Medicamento (SDM) y el Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica. Se destaca un ejemplo de trabajo ejecutado recientemente, de cada centro, y los resultados obtenidos

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Ameliorates Cognition and Molecular Detrimental Changes after Chronic Mild Stress in SAMP8 Mice

Impaired glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is a significant factor in aging, stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the study of GC-mediated stress responses to chronic moderately stressful situations, which occur in daily life, is of huge interest for the design of pharmacological strategies toward the prevention of neurodegeneration. To address this issue, SAMP8 mice were exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm for 4 weeks and treated with RL-118, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. The inhibition of this enzyme is linked with a reduction in GC levels and cognitive improvement, while CMS exposure has been associated with reduced cognitive performance. The aim of this project was to assess whether RL-118 treatment could reverse the deleterious effects of CMS on cognition and behavioral abilities and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms that compromise healthy aging in SAMP8 mice. First, we confirmed the target engagement between RL-118 and 11β-HSD1. Additionally, we showed that DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone phosphorylation were decreased by CMS induction, and increased by RL-118 treatment. In addition, CMS exposure caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and increased pro-oxidant enzymes—as well as pro-inflammatory mediators—through the NF-κB pathway and astrogliosis markers, such as GFAP. Of note, these modifications were reversed by 11β-HSD1 inhibition. Remarkably, although CMS altered mTORC1 signaling, autophagy was increased in the SAMP8 RL-118-treated mice. We also showed an increase in amyloidogenic processes and a decrease in synaptic plasticity and neuronal remodeling markers in mice under CMS, which were consequently modified by RL-118 treatment. In conclusion, 11β-HSD1 inhibition through RL-118 ameliorated the detrimental effects induced by CMS, including epigenetic and cognitive disturbances, indicating that GC-excess attenuation shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive decline and AD

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Ameliorates Cognition and Molecular Detrimental Changes after Chronic Mild Stress in SAMP8 Mice

Impaired glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is a significant factor in aging, stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the study of GC-mediated stress responses to chronic moderately stressful situations, which occur in daily life, is of huge interest for the design of pharmacological strategies toward the prevention of neurodegeneration. To address this issue, SAMP8 mice were exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm for 4 weeks and treated with RL-118, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. The inhibition of this enzyme is linked with a reduction in GC levels and cognitive improvement, while CMS exposure has been associated with reduced cognitive performance. The aim of this project was to assess whether RL-118 treatment could reverse the deleterious effects of CMS on cognition and behavioral abilities and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms that compromise healthy aging in SAMP8 mice. First, we confirmed the target engagement between RL-118 and 11β-HSD1. Additionally, we showed that DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone phosphorylation were decreased by CMS induction, and increased by RL-118 treatment. In addition, CMS exposure caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and increased pro-oxidant enzymes as well as pro-inflammatory mediators through the NF-κB pathway and astrogliosis markers, such as GFAP. Of note, these modifications were reversed by 11β-HSD1 inhibition. Remarkably, although CMS altered mTORC1 signaling, autophagy was increased in the SAMP8 RL-118-treated mice. We also showed an increase in amyloidogenic processes and a decrease in synaptic plasticity and neuronal remodeling markers in mice under CMS, which were consequently modified by RL-118 treatment. In conclusion, 11β-HSD1 inhibition through RL-118 ameliorated the detrimental effects induced by CMS, including epigenetic and cognitive disturbances, indicating that GC-excess attenuation shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive decline and AD

Pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs with potent antimicrobial activity

Concerns have been raised about the long-term accumulating effects of triclocarban, a polychlorinated diarylurea widely used as an antibacterial soap additive, in the environment and in human beings. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration has recently banned it from personal care products. Herein, we report the synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of novel N,N'-diarylureas as triclocarban analogs, designed by reducing one or more chlorine atoms of the former and/or replacing them by the novel pentafluorosulfanyl group, a new bioisostere of the trifluoromethyl group, with growing importance in drug discovery. Interestingly, some of these pentafluorosulfanyl-bearing ureas exhibited high potency, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, and high selectivity index, while displaying a lower spontaneous mutation frequency than triclocarban. Some lines of evidence suggest a bactericidal mode of action for this family of compounds