Flower abscission in Vitis vinifera L. triggered by gibberellic acid and shade discloses differences in the underlying metabolic pathways

Understanding abscission is both a biological and an agronomic challenge. Flower abscission induced independently by shade and gibberellic acid (GAc) sprays was monitored in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growing under a soilless greenhouse system during two seasonal growing conditions, in an early and late production cycle. Physiological and metabolic changes triggered by each of the two distinct stimuli were determined. Environmental conditions exerted a significant effect on fruit set as showed by the higher natural drop rate recorded in the late production cycle with respect to the early cycle. Shade and GAc treatments increased the percentage of flower drop compared to the control, and at a similar degree, during the late production cycle. The reduction of leaf gas exchanges under shade conditions was not observed in GAc treated vines. The metabolic profile assessed in samples collected during the late cycle differently affected primary and secondary metabolisms and showed that most of the treatment-resulting variations occurred in opposite trends in inflorescences unbalanced in either hormonal or energy deficit abscission-inducing signals. Particularly concerning carbohydrates metabolism, sucrose, glucose, tricarboxylic acid metabolites and intermediates of the raffinose family oligosaccharides pathway were lower in shaded and higher in GAc samples. Altered oxidative stress remediation mechanisms and indolacetic acid (IAA) concentration were identified as abscission signatures common to both stimuli. According to the global analysis performed, we report that grape flower abscission mechanisms triggered by GAc application and C-starvation are not based on the same metabolic pathways

Produção de biogás a partir do glicerol oriundo do biodiesel.

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Efeito da toxicidade de Cr (VI) e Zn (II) no crescimento do fungo filamentoso Aspergillus niger isolado de efluente industrial.

Processos convencionais de tratamento de efluentes utilizam microrganismos vivos, o que sugere limitações relativas à toxicidade de metais para os microrganismos. O experimento consistiu em adicionar soluções monoelementares de Cr (VI) e Zn(II) em diferentes concentrações (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg.L-1) ao meio de crescimento e observar a influência dos metais no crescimento micelial e germinativo do fungo Aspergillus Níger por verificação visual da expansão radial do micélio e da germinação de esporos, seguida de registro fotográfico. Os resultados mostraram que o metabolismo do fungo foi completamente inibido em concentrações acima de 500 mg Zn (II).L-1 e 150 mg Cr (VI).L-1. O ED50 (concentração de ingrediente ativo capaz de inibir 50% do crescimento micelial do fungo) para os dois íons metálicos, nas condições estudadas, está na faixa entre 100 e 150 mg.L-1

Essential oils of seven Brazilian Baccharis: a prospective approach on their ecological role.

A description of the habitat and areas where seven Baccharis species (B.caprarifolia male and female, B.dracunculifolia male and female, B.myriocephala, B. platypoda, B. tridentata, B. vincifolia) occur, is presented. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The major constituents were identified by mass spectra comparison with those in the Wiley/NBS library and with thoseof standard commercial, synthetic and isolated compounds. A seasonal and daytime variation in oil composition between female and male plants was observed. The essential oil variation was first correlated to pollination but preliminary field observations showed this to be a complex problem and the floral scent was not easily related to a pollination advertisement or vector

Ordered La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanohole arrays fabricated on a nanoporous alumina template by pulsed laser ablation

Highly ordered nanohole arrays of [Formula: see text] manganite have been synthesized using pulsed laser deposition on nanoporous alumina template. Their structure and phase formation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic measurements were performed with respect to temperature and field and exhibit a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition at 284 K. In addition, the temperature dependence of electrical resistance was measured at different magnetic fields and an insulating phase throughout all the temperatures was observed. The low temperature ferromagnetic insulating state is discussed by the presence of a canted ferromagnetic state induced by the nanoholes. The present work shows the feasibility of combining both the nanoporous alumina template and pulsed laser ablation for the fabrication of perovskite manganite nanohole arrays which can also be extended to fabricate other multicomponent oxide nanohole materials.M K is thankful to FCT, Portugal for the Grant No. SFRH/ BPD/75110/2010. The authors acknowledged the financial supports from the projects NORTE-07–0124-FEDER000070, CERN/FIS-NUC/0004/2015 and IF/00686/2014

Produção de biogás a partir do líquido do pseudocaule da bananeira.

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Poor glycaemic control in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system a cross-sectional study

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system and identify factors associated with poor glycaemic control.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: 14 centres in five regions of Brazil, including primary care units and outpatient clinics of University Hospitals.Participants: Patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics of public healthcare system.Main outcome measured: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), centrally measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program certified).Results: A total of 5750 patients aged 61 10 years, with 11 8 years of diabetes duration (66% women, 56% nonwhite, body mass index: 28.0 5.3 kg/m(2)) were analysed. Mean HbA1c was 8.6 +/- 2.2%, and median HbA1c was 8.1% (6.9% to 9.9%). HbA1c 8%.Conclusions: the majority of Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system had HbA1c levels above recommended targets. the recognition of Northeast residents and non-white patients as vulnerable populations should guide future policies and actions to prevent and control diabetes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (FIPE) of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)Pfizer PharmaceuticalHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Endocrine Div, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Getulio Vargas, Endocrine Div, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilFed Univ Para, BR-66059 Belem, Para, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrine Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrine Div, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc