Enzimas exógenas no desempenho e na digestibilidade ileal de nutrientes em frangos de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on the performance and nutrient ileal digestibility of broiler chickens, of the phytase combination with the enzyme complex of amylase, protease and xylanase in corn-soybean meal diets, formulated with or without reduction in energy, calcium and phosphorus levels. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial arrangement 2x2, with two control diets: with and without nutrient reduction, and two supplementations for each control (with and without addition of phytase and enzyme complex of amylase, protease and xylanase), with ten replicates of 40 chicks. The ileal digesta were collected in the 43rd day of age, in order to determine digestible energy and digestibility coefficients of crude protein, dry matter, calcium and phosphorus. The performance showed interaction for all the parameters analyzed. The broilers fed with nutrient reduction showed inferior feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion than those fed without nutrient reduction. There was no effect of enzymes and diet control on dry matter and calcium retention. The enzyme combination inclusion improved the protein digestibillity and phosphorus retention compared to control diet. There was interaction for digestible energy, with effects only in without nutrient reduction with best values in supplemented diets.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da combinação de fitase e do complexo amilase, protease e xilanase, em dietas de milho e soja, formuladas com redução e sem redução dos níveis de energia, cálcio e fósforo sobre o desempenho e a digestibilidade ileal de nutrientes, em frangos de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com esquema fatorial 2x2, com duas dietas-controle: com redução e sem redução dos nutrientes, e duas suplementações das enzimas (sem adição e com adição de fitase e complexo enzimático), com dez repetições de 40 aves. A digesta ileal foi coletada aos 43 dias de idade, para determinação da energia digestível e dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo. O desempenho apresentou interação em todos os parâmetros analisados. As aves do tratamento com redução dos nutrientes mostraram pior desempenho em relação às aves da dieta sem redução dos nutrientes. Não houve efeito da matéria seca na digestibilidade e na retenção de cálcio. A adição da combinação enzimática melhorou a digestibilidade da proteína e a retenção de fósforo. Houve interação quanto à energia digestível, com efeito apenas nas dietas sem redução dos nutrientes, com maiores valores nas dietas suplementadas

Feeding plans with the use of glycerin for broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p <0.05) of the dietary plans on litter moisture and plantar lesions. Effects were observed (p>0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p <0.05) of the dietary plans on litter moisture and plantar lesions. Effects were observed (p>0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively

Occurrence of splenic leiomyosarcoma in dog: anatomopathological findings

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm with origin in smooth muscles. It can originate in the vessel wall and interstitium of the spleen smooth muscle, which is considered rare. The objective of this study was to describe clinical and anatomopathological findings of a splenic leiomyosarcoma in an eight-year-old bitch of the Fila breed. This splenic leiomyosarcoma weighed 9.2 kg, and had 30×27×14 cm in dimension, rounded shape, irregular outline, reddish color alternating with pale areas, friable and hemorrhagic tissues, and necrotic center. After conventional histopathological examination, the suspected diagnosis (leiomyosarcoma) was confirmed by histochemical analysis using Masson's trichrome staining (which showed the reactivity of the muscle tissue) and by immunohistochemical analysis, showed positivity for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. This study emphasizes the importance of associating histopathological evaluation with histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques for a diagnosis of this neoplasm. The occurrence of leiomyosarcoma reported here denotes the importance of considering it for a differential diagnosis in cases of splenic tumors

Productive features of broiler chickens in hot weather: effects of strain and sex

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of broiler strains (Cobb 500, Ross 308, and Hubbard Flex) in hot weather. Environmental temperatures above thermal comfort trigger responses of the animals to maintain homeothermia, which negatively affects productive performance. A total of 2,160 chicks of both sexes, were distributed in an experimental design that was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 2 (strains and sexes) with six replicates of 60 birds each. Feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion (FC) were analyzed at periods of 1–7, 1–21, 1–28, 1–42, and 1–49 days old. At 42 and 49 days old, the carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), breast yield (BY), thigh yield (TY), and drumstick yield (DY) were analyzed. The strains differed in LW and WG in most periods, especially for Cobb broilers in the pre-start period (1–7 days) and Hubbard broilers in the last two periods (1–42 and 1–49 days). Except for the pre-initial stage, which there was no influence of the strains on FC, the Hubbard broilers showed the best FC, at 1–49 d, similarly to Cobb broilers. Regardless of strain, the males showed superior performance to that of females. At 42 d, the Cobb broilers showed a superior BY to that of the other strains, presenting better TY than did the Ross and Hubbard strains. At 49 d, the Cobb and Ross strains showed the best BY, with the Hubbard strain having the greatest DY. Males showed higher values in cut yields, except in the BY in which females showed better results

NÍVEIS DE PROTEÍNA PARA FRANGAS SEMIPESADAS NO PERÍODO DE UMA A DEZOITO SEMANAS DE IDADE

Desenvolveram-se dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis dietéticos de proteína bruta para frangas semipesadas. No primeiro experimento, as aves com dois dias de idade foram alimentadas até seis semanas com dietas contendo sete níveis de proteína (14%, 15%, 16%,17%, 18%, 19% e 20%) e com 3,0 Mcal de EM. No segundo experimento, a alimentação das aves constitui de dietas contendo quatro níveis de proteína (14%, 15%, 16% e 17%) e 2,9 Mcal de energia metabolizável da sétima a décima oitava semana. Após esse período, avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo dessas aves, no período de vinte e seis a trinta e oito semanas de idade. De uma a seis semanas de idade, o nível de 20% de PB proporcionou melhor desempenho. No segundo experimento, houve efeito significativo para o consumo de proteína e ganho de peso (efeito linear crescente) e efeito linear decrescente para conversão alimentar e eficiência protéica. Os níveis de proteína na fase de recria não influenciaram as variáveis avaliadas na fase de produção. Apenas houve efeito linear crescente para peso da casca. Com isso pode-se concluir que, para o período de sete a dezoito semanas de idade, a utilização de um nível de 14% de proteína bruta não afeta o desempenho das aves na fase de produção. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Aves, cria, produção de ovos, recria e qualidade do ovo