The relationship between social support and the personality traits of Extroversion and Neuroticism and psychological well-being in women with chronic pain

 Aims and background: Living with chronic pain can cause a great deal of mental and emotional stress. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between social support and the personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism and psychological well-being in patients with chronic pain referred to specialized clinics in the city of Rasht. Materials and methods: The present study is descriptive and shows a correlation. The study sample included 150 women with pain chronic. They were selected from female and male patients with chronic pain that received treatment in the Clinic of Chronic Pain and Hospital in Rasht. To evaluate the variables, NEO personality traits, Filips social support and Riyf Psychological well-being questionnaires were employed. In order to analyze the data, the statistical methods of Spearman correlation and regression analysis were used. Findings: The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between psychological wellbeing in women with chronic pain and extroversion and social support (P<0/01). There is a reverse and significant correlation between neuroticism and psychological well-being (P>0/01). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of neuroticism, extroversion and social support predicted 74 of the changes in psychological well-being (P>0/01). Conclusion: Therefore, with the planned curriculum in order to improve the psychological well-being and personality traits in these women with chronic pain we should work to improve their social support

The Relationship between Social Skills, Emotional Expression Styles, and Body Dysmorphia with Academic Performance among School Students in Rudbar City, Iran

Background: The degree of progression and academic failure is one of the criteria of the efficiency of the educational system. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social skills, emotional expression styles, and body dysmorphia with academic performance among students. Methods: This was a correlational research and its statistical population consisted of all girl high school students in Rudbar City, Iran, in the academic year of 2015-2016. From 400 students in two schools in Rudbar, using Krejcy and Morgan table, 120 were selected. The research tools were King and Emmons Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ), Inderbitzen and Foster Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) Questionnaire, and Littleton Thoughts Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) questionnaire. To evaluate the performance of students, the mean of their two consecutive semesters was used, and the average of the scores of two standard deviations below the previous semester was considered as the criterion of academic failure. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression and Pearson correlation coefficient methods. Results: The multivariate regression model showed that social skills index were able to predict academic performance (P < 0.010). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between social skills and emotional expression styles with academic performance (P < 0.010). However, there was significant relationship between body dysmorphia and academic performance (P < 0.010). Conclusion: Regarding the existence of a significant relationship between social skills, emotional expression styles, and body dysmorphia with academic performance, it is possible to use psychological variables in addition to other educational techniques in schools and educational centers to improve academic performance among students

Comparison early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia and happiness in women with marital conflicts with normal women

Background and Aims Couple conflict is an inevitable event, because no two people are similar in interests, feelings, choices and behaviors. At the same time, marital conflict can interfere with interpersonal relationships and cause family problems. The main goal of the present study was to determine the difference between the early maladaptive schemas and emotional collapse and happiness in women with marital conflicts and women without conflict in Rudsar City, Iran. Methods The present study was an analytical descriptive comparative study. Using Krejci Morgan&lsquo;s Table, 103 women with marital conflict covered by the centers of the Rudsar Relief Committee in 2015 who were referred to the family courts of this city were selected by convenience sampling and compared with another 103 women without marital conflict. The data were collected through inferential marital conflict questionnaire, alexithymia scale of Toronto, happiness scale questionnaire, and initial inappropriate schema questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Lavin, Box&rsquo;s M and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS version 18. Results The results showed that the variables between the two groups alexithymia, happiness and there schema (P<0.01). Conclusion According to the results of the research, happiness can reduce marital conflict in couples . Also, due to the difference in study groups regarding the emotional variables and inappropriate schemas, it is possible to reduce marital conflicts by educating couples in this regard

Comparison early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia and happiness in women with marital conflicts with normal women

Background and Aims Couple conflict is an inevitable event, because no two people are similar in interests, feelings, choices and behaviors. At the same time, marital conflict can interfere with interpersonal relationships and cause family problems. The main goal of the present study was to determine the difference between the early maladaptive schemas and emotional collapse and happiness in women with marital conflicts and women without conflict in Rudsar City, Iran. Methods The present study was an analytical descriptive comparative study. Using Krejci Morgan‘s Table, 103 women with marital conflict covered by the centers of the Rudsar Relief Committee in 2015 who were referred to the family courts of this city were selected by convenience sampling and compared with another 103 women without marital conflict. The data were collected through inferential marital conflict questionnaire, alexithymia scale of Toronto, happiness scale questionnaire, and initial inappropriate schema questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Lavin, Box’s M and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS version 18. Results The results showed that the variables between the two groups alexithymia, happiness and there schema (P<0.01). Conclusion According to the results of the research, happiness can reduce marital conflict in couples . Also, due to the difference in study groups regarding the emotional variables and inappropriate schemas, it is possible to reduce marital conflicts by educating couples in this regard

Comparison early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia and happiness in women with marital conflicts with normal women

Background and Aims Couple conflict is an inevitable event, because no two people are similar in interests, feelings, choices and behaviors. At the same time, marital conflict can interfere with interpersonal relationships and cause family problems. The main goal of the present study was to determine the difference between the early maladaptive schemas and emotional collapse and happiness in women with marital conflicts and women without conflict in Rudsar City, Iran. Methods The present study was an analytical descriptive comparative study. Using Krejci Morgan‘s Table, 103 women with marital conflict covered by the centers of the Rudsar Relief Committee in 2015 who were referred to the family courts of this city were selected by convenience sampling and compared with another 103 women without marital conflict. The data were collected through inferential marital conflict questionnaire, alexithymia scale of Toronto, happiness scale questionnaire, and initial inappropriate schema questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Lavin, Box’s M and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS version 18. Results The results showed that the variables between the two groups alexithymia, happiness and there schema (P<0.01). Conclusion According to the results of the research, happiness can reduce marital conflict in couples . Also, due to the difference in study groups regarding the emotional variables and inappropriate schemas, it is possible to reduce marital conflicts by educating couples in this regard

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy with Cognitive Hypnosis on Reducing Depression in Students with Premenstrual Syndrome

Background & Aim: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as a set of physical and psychological symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy and group cognitive hypnotism on decreased depression among female students with PMS. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on female students of Rasht, Iran in 2017. In total, 30 students with PMS were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into three groups, including two experimental groups and one control group. While eight sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnosis cognitive therapy were held for the first and second groups, respectively, the third group received no treatment. Data were collected using an eight-item researcher-made PMS questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory in two pretest and posttest stages. In addition, data analysis was carried out using the covariance analysis and Lamtriks post hoc. Results: In this study, both therapy methods were effective in reducing depression among women with PMS (P<0/001). However, hypnosis had a greater impact on PMS, compared to the other method, showing a significant difference in this regard (P=0.002). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the psychological therapies affected PMS among the subjects. It is recommended that these methods be applied more than pharmaceutical methods due to their fewer complications

Comparison of yoga and aerobic trainings for improving mental health of divorced women

Exercise is an acceptable method for improving and maintaining the physical and emotional health. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of yoga training program and aerobic exercise on the mental health of divorced women. Two experimental groups and one control group were employed in this quasi-experimental study. The number of 30 divorced women was randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups involved in yoga (n=10) and aerobics training (n=10) and received 16 exercise sessions for two months. The control group (n=10) received no training. General health questionnaire-28 was employed to evaluate the mental health of participants. Covariance analysis was used as the statistical method. The obtained results indicated that the intervention improved significantly the mental health indices in the intervention groups of yoga and aerobics. In comparison of the effectiveness of yoga and aerobics exercises, the results showed that there is not significant difference between the effectiveness of yoga and aerobics. Therefore, the two methods of exercise are effective on improving the mental healt

Hydrocephalus in Patients With Head Trauma: A Series of 14 Patients

Background and Aim: Hydrocephalus can cause ventricular expansion, which if not treated promptly, can result in brain damage. The hydrocephalus-induced damage is not fully improved, even by means of surgical procedures, leading to permanent damages to the brain. Methods and Materials/Patients: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics as well as hydrocephalus in patients with head trauma in Poursina Hospital, Rasht. The information including age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), trauma mechanism and accompanying brain injuries on admission were recorded. Patients with hydrocephalus diagnosed by CT scan underwent further investigation and therapeutic approaches. The treatment-related results were collected based on the GOS scale. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS version 18, and the results were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test, and Independent t-test. Results: Of the 548 patients, hydrocephalus was observed in 14 patients (2.6%). The mean age of the patients was 44.07±24.48 years old. 31.1% of men (14 cases) had hydrocephalus, while none of women suffered from this complication. Car accidents (12 people) and fall (2 people) were identified as causes of incident in hydrocephalus patients. Head injury severity in most patients with hydrocephalus was mild (n=7, GCS=13-15) and moderate (n=6, GCS=9-12), and severe (n=1, GCS=3-8). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=5) and then epidural hematoma (n=4) and intracerebral hemorrhage (n=4) had the most severe damage to the skull. Most patients (n=11) were treated by surgery. Three patients recovered completely. Moderate disability, severe disability, vegetative state, and death occurred in 3, 2, 1, and 5 Patients, respectively. According to independent t-test, there is a statistically significant relationship between Glasgow Coma Scale and hydrocephalus (P=0.03). Fisher’s exact test also showed a statistically significant relationship between intracerebral hemorrhage (P=0.045) and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.013) on admission with hydrocephalic incidence. Conclusion: This complication was mostly observed in young traumatic patients (younger than 40 years of age) and in patients with mild head injury. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these people in order to detect hydrocephalus, if any, as soon as possible, and these patients be treated appropriately