Brazilian adolescents' knowledge and beliefs about abortion methods: a school-based internet inquiry

Abstract: Background: Internet surveys that draw from traditionally generated samples provide the unique conditions to engage adolescents in exploration of sensitive health topics. Methods: We examined awareness of unwanted pregnancy, abortion behaviour, methods, and attitudes toward specific legal indications for abortion via a school-based internet survey among 378 adolescents aged 12–21 years in three Rio de Janeiro public schools. Results: Forty-five percent knew peers who had undergone an abortion. Most students (66.0%) did not disclose abortion method knowledge. However, girls (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.4-7.2), those who had experienced their sexual debut (aOR1.76, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), and those attending a prestigious magnet school (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.4-6.3) were more likely to report methods. Most abortion methods (79.3%) reported were ineffective, obsolete, and/or unsafe. Herbs (e.g. marijuana tea), over-the-counter medications, surgical procedures, foreign objects and blunt trauma were reported. Most techniques (85.2%) were perceived to be dangerous, including methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A majority (61.4%) supported Brazil’s existing law permitting abortion in the case of rape. There was no association between gender, age, sexual debut, parental education or socioeconomic status and attitudes toward legal abortion. However, students at the magnet school supported twice as many legal indications (2.7, SE.27) suggesting a likely role of peers and/or educators in shaping abortion views. Conclusions: Abortion knowledge and attitudes are not driven simply by age, religion or class, but rather a complex interplay that includes both social spaces and gender. Prevention of abortion morbidity and mortality among adolescents requires comprehensive sexuality and reproductive health education that includes factual distinctions between safe and unsafe abortion methods

ESTATUTO DEL NIÑO Y DEL ADOLESCENTE Y DERECHOS HUMANOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS EN LA FORMACIÓN DE ENFERMEROS Y MÉDICOS

Esta investigación tuvo la finalidad de identificar contenidos sobre Derechos Humanos Sexuales y Reproductivos y Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente en los programas de disciplinas de áreas de Salud de la Mujer, Salud del Adolescente y Salud Colectiva de los cursos de graduación en Enfermería y Medicina de las Universidades Públicas del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Fueron analizados 30 programas de disciplinas de graduación en Enfermería y 18 de Medicina a través de matriz de análisis bajo la técnica de análisis temático. El tema Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos está presente solamente en el ítem Referencia Bibliográfica de un programa, y el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente está en las Referencias de tres programas, solamente del curso de Enfermería. Fue identificada una no patronización, así como bibliografía desactualizada en los programas de los cursos de este estudio con posibles perjuicios a la formación profesional.This research aimed to identify content referent to Human, Reproductive and Sexual Rights and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent in the programs of courses in the areas of Women’s Health, Adolescent Health and Collective Health of the undergraduate Nursing and Medicine courses at the Public Universities of the State of Rio de Janeiro. 30 programs from undergraduate nursing courses, and 18 from Medicine, were analyzed, by using the evaluation matrix with the technique of thematic analysis. The topic of Sexual and Reproductive Rights is present only in the item ‘Bibliographic Referencing’ of one program, and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent is to be found in the References of three programs, and only in the Nursing course. Lack of standardization and a bibliography which was not up-to-date were identified in the courses’ programs in this study, with possible harm to professional training.Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar conteúdos referentes aos Direitos Humanos Sexuais e Reprodutivos e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente nos programas de disciplinas das áreas de Saúde da Mulher, Saúde do Adolescente e Saúde Coletiva dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Medicina das Universidades Públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados 30 programas de disciplinas da graduação em Enfermagem e 18 de Medicina através de matriz de análise sob a técnica de análise temática. O tema Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos está presente apenas no item Referência Bibliográfica de um programa, e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente consta nas Referências de três programas, apenas do curso de Enfermagem. Identificou-se não padronização e bibliografia desatualizada nos programas dos cursos deste estudo com possíveis prejuízos à formação profissional.

Juridical perspectives of interruption of pregnancy with zika virus infection regarding medical, emotional and social consequences

 Uganda and isolated in humans in 1952 in the same country. Up to 2007 there were few cases of human infection in African and Asian countries. The first outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in Brazil in 2015, becoming a serious public health problem due to the increase in the number of cases of microcephaly in infected pregnant women. Objective: To describe the legal abortion at Zika virus infection during pregnancy regarding medical, emotional and social consequences. perspectives of abortion for the pregnant woman with Zika virus regarding the medical, emotional and social consequences. Methods: This is a documentary study based on documents about abortion and its outcomes in Brazil. Technical norms, textbooks, indexed articles of Scopus and PubMed, documents extracted from international human rights treaties and conventions, and legal documents on the subject were used. It was decided to direct the text based on the experiences of each theme on abortion and its outcomes in Brazil, with a synthesis of the current scenario. Results: Recognizing the exceptional nature of this situation, it is sought to confer an interpretation according to the Constitution and Article 128 of the Criminal Code, based on an analogical application, which seeks to protect the physical and mental health of women infected by the Zika virus. It is possible to qualify the practice of abortion in these circumstances as atypical conduct by the state of necessity, excluding the unlawfulness by comparing with articles 23, I and 24 of the Penal Code. Conclusion: Authorizing the termination of pregnancy after diagnosis of the virus Zika guarantees women the free exercise of their reproductive rights, which is not confused with state imposition of abortion or eugenic practice.  Introduction: The Zika virus was identified in 1947 in Rhesus monkeys in the Republic of Uganda and isolated in humans in 1952 in the same country. Up to 2007 there were few cases of human infection in African and Asian countries. The first outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in Brazil in 2015, becoming a serious public health problem due to the increase in the number of cases of microcephaly in infected pregnant women. Objective: To describe the legal abortion at Zika virus infection during pregnancy regarding medical, emotional and social consequences. perspectives of abortion for the pregnant woman with Zika virus regarding the medical, emotional and social consequences. Methods: This is a documentary study based on documents about abortion and its outcomes in Brazil. Technical norms, textbooks, indexed articles of Scopus and PubMed, documents extracted from international human rights treaties and conventions, and legal documents on the subject were used. It was decided to direct the text based on the experiences of each theme on abortion and its outcomes in Brazil, with a synthesis of the current scenario.  Results: Recognizing the exceptional nature of this situation, it is sought to confer an interpretation according to the Constitution and Article 128 of the Criminal Code, based on an analogical application, which seeks to protect the physical and mental health of women infected by the Zika virus. It is possible to qualify the practice of abortion in these circumstances as atypical conduct by the state of necessity, excluding the unlawfulness by comparing with articles 23, I and 24 of the Penal Code.  Conclusion: Authorizing the termination of pregnancy after diagnosis of the virus Zika guarantees women the free exercise of their reproductive rights, which is not confused with state imposition of abortion or eugenic practice.

Brazilian adolescents' knowledge and beliefs about abortion methods: A school-based internet inquiry

Background: Internet surveys that draw from traditionally generated samples provide the unique conditions to engage adolescents in exploration of sensitive health topics.Methods: We examined awareness of unwanted pregnancy, abortion behaviour, methods, and attitudes toward specific legal indications for abortion via a school-based internet survey among 378 adolescents aged 12-21 years in three Rio de Janeiro public schools.Results: Forty-five percent knew peers who had undergone an abortion. Most students (66.0%) did not disclose abortion method knowledge. However, girls (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.4-7.2), those who had experienced their sexual debut (aOR1.76, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), and those attending a prestigious magnet school (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.4-6.3) were more likely to report methods. Most abortion methods (79.3%) reported were ineffective, obsolete, and/or unsafe. Herbs (e.g. marijuana tea), over-the-counter medications, surgical procedures, foreign objects and blunt trauma were reported. Most techniques (85.2%) were perceived to be dangerous, including methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A majority (61.4%) supported Brazil's existing law permitting abortion in the case of rape. There was no association between gender, age, sexual debut, parental education or socioeconomic status and attitudes toward legal abortion. However, students at the magnet school supported twice as many legal indications (2.7, SE.27) suggesting a likely role of peers and/or educators in shaping abortion views.Conclusions: Abortion knowledge and attitudes are not driven simply by age, religion or class, but rather a complex interplay that includes both social spaces and gender. Prevention of abortion morbidity and mortality among adolescents requires comprehensive sexuality and reproductive health education that includes factual distinctions between safe and unsafe abortion methods

Complicações do abortamento e assistência em maternidade pública integrada ao Programa Nacional Rede Cegonha

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, obstétrico e assistencial de todas as internações de abortamento em maio-agosto/2012, em emergência, em estudo transversal. Resultado: 20,5% eram adolescentes, 79,5% tinham mais de 20 anos de idade e 48,7% tinham a pele parda; 84,7% foram abortos não especificados e o tempo foi apropriado entre a classificação de risco e a internação em 36,6% dos casos. Há mudanças no perfil das complicações, com redução das infecções e aumento na porcentagem de adolescentes (20,5%). Na atenção diferenciada do Programa Rede Cegonha, a avaliação de risco acolheu 90% das mulheres em 30 minutos. O sub-registro do processo de abortamento persiste pela condição de ilegalidade e por dilemas ético-morais dos profissionais

Estupros no Brasil e relações com o consumo de álcool: estimativas baseadas em autorrelato sigiloso

Com base na análise dos dados de corte transversal provenientes do Segundo Levantamento Nacional de Álcool e Drogas realizado em 2012, utilizando-se uma amostra probabilística estratificada por conglomerado representativa da população brasileira, este estudo apresenta as prevalências de estupro e analisa a relação deste evento com o consumo de álcool. Foram considerados 1.918 homens e 2.365 mulheres, totalizando uma amostra de 4.283 indivíduos. Nossos resultados estimam a prevalência de estupro na vida em 2,6% da população geral, sendo 1,7% entre os homens e 3,5% entre as mulheres. Para ambos os sexos, as maiores prevalências se concentraram entre indivíduos com idades entre 26 e 59 anos (3,3%), com baixa escolaridade (3,8%), solteiros, divorciados ou viúvos (3,1%). Entre os indivíduos com diagnóstico para transtorno por uso de álcool de acordo com o DSM-5 (Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais), 6% relataram ser vítimas de estupro, bem como, 3,3% daqueles que disseram beber pesado episódico (binge). Análises de regressão logística e multifatorial indicaram que tanto para mulheres quanto para homens a idade (aqueles entre 26 e 59 anos), o estado civil (solteiro), o diagnóstico de transtorno por uso de álcool e o beber pesado episódico são fatores associados ao aumento da probabilidade de vitimização por estupro, enquanto maior nível de educação (mais do que 9 anos de estudos) revelou-se um fator capaz de diminuir as chances de ocorrência. A identificação da amplitude desse problema de saúde pública, bem como a avaliação da urgência na implantação de medidas preventivas e assistenciais, partem do conhecimento das prevalências e do perfil sociodemográfico das vítimas

Estatuto del niño y del adolescente y derechos humanos sexuales y reproductivos en la formación de enfermeros y médicos

Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena ([email protected]) on 2013-08-07T18:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE E DIREITOS HUMANOS SEXUAIS.pdf: 2051553 bytes, checksum: 962c2c95ae8f814253dc51ab2773c579 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE E DIREITOS HUMANOS SEXUAIS.pdf: 2051553 bytes, checksum: 962c2c95ae8f814253dc51ab2773c579 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilEsta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar conteúdos referentes aos Direitos Humanos Sexuais e Reprodutivos e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente nos programas de disciplinas das áreas de Saúde da Mulher, Saúde do Adolescente e Saúde Coletiva dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Medicina das Universidades Públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados 30 programas de disciplinas da graduação em Enfermagem e 18 de Medicina através de matriz de análise sob a técnica de análise temática. O tema Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos está presente apenas no item Referência Bibliográfica de um programa, e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente consta nas Referências de três programas, apenas do curso de Enfermagem. Identificou-se não padronização e bibliografia desatualizada nos programas dos cursos deste estudo com possíveis prejuízos à formação profissional.This research aimed to identify content referent to Human, Reproductive and Sexual Rights and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent in the programs of courses in the areas of Women’s Health, Adolescent Health and Collective Health of the undergraduate Nursing and Medicine courses at the Public Universities of the State of Rio de Janeiro. 30 programs from undergraduate nursing courses, and 18 from Medicine, were analyzed, by using the evaluation matrix with the technique of thematic analysis. The topic of Sexual and Reproductive Rights is present only in the item ‘Bibliographic Referencing’ of one program, and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent is to be found in the References of three programs, and only in the Nursing course. Lack of standardization and a bibliography which was not up-to-date were identified in the courses’ programs in this study, with possible harm to professional training.Esta investigación tuvo la finalidad de identificar contenidos sobre Derechos Humanos Sexuales y Reproductivos y Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente en los programas de disciplinas de áreas de Salud de la Mujer, Salud del Adolescente y Salud Colectiva de los cursos de graduación en Enfermería y Medicina de las Universidades Públicas del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Fueron analizados 30 programas de disciplinas de graduación en Enfermería y 18 de Medicina a través de matriz de análisis bajo la técnica de análisis temático. El tema Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos está presente solamente en el ítem Referencia Bibliográfica de un programa, y el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente está en las Referencias de tres programas, solamente del curso de Enfermería. Fue identificada una no patronización, así como bibliografía desactualizada en los programas de los cursos de este estudio con posibles perjuicios a la formación profesional