EVALUACIÓN DE CAMBIOS EN ESQUEMAS TEMPRANOS DESADAPTATIVOS Y EN LA ANTROPOMETRÍA DE MUJERES OBESAS CON UN TRATAMIENTO COGNITIVO CONDUCTUAL GRUPAL

Según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Nutricional, publicada en el 2006, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en México el 70% de la población padece sobrepeso u obesidad. Según Barquera, al ser un problema de salud pública, la intervención desde diversos ámbitos es indispensable. En este trabajo se utilizó el modelo teórico denominado Esquemas Tempranos Desadaptativos (ETD) de Young, el cual explica que dichos esquemas distorsionan el procesamiento de la información del sujeto y, por lo tanto, son disfuncionales. El objetivo fue identificar y evaluar si hay cambios en los ETD de mujeres obesas después de un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal de 14 sesiones, con una n = 22. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la evaluación pre-post en los esquemas privación emocional, inestabilidad emocional, autosacrificio, abandono y fracaso, así como en el Índice de Masa Corporal (imc) y el peso corporal

Efectos diferenciales de la citoquina IL-6 después del estrés social agudo: resultados preliminares

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto diferencial del estrés social agudo sobre la interleucina 6 salival mediante la prueba conductual Trier Social Stress Test (tsst). Método: participaron diecisiete estudiantes universitarios, normotensos, a quienes se registró la presión arterial media en tres momentos: 10 minutos antes, pre y post tsst. También se recolectó una muestra de IL-6 salival pre-post tsst. Resultados: hubo un incremento en la presión arterial media sólo cuando se presentó el tsst (p0.05). El análisis de IL-6 reveló que 53 % de la muestra incrementó su concentración de IL-6 (p<0.001) mientras que 47 % de los participantes decrementó su nivel de IL-6 (p<0.01), existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa post-tsst entre ambos subgrupos (p<0.05). Limitaciones: se recomienda establecer parámetros normativos de la IL-6 salival. Principales hallazgos: los datos preliminares que presentamos sugieren que el estrés social agudo incrementa la presión arterial, pero que este efecto induce una expresión diferencial de IL-6 en todos los participantes, en aquellos con una concentración baja de IL-6 se incrementa después del estrés agudo, mientras que aquellos con un nivel alto de IL-6 previo, la prueba tiende a disminuirla

Artificial neural networks model: Neuropsychological variables and their relationship with body fat percentage in adults

Background: There is a growing interest to understand the neural functions and substrates of complex cognitive processes related to Obesity (OB). Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being applied, specifically the perceptron model of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in non-communicable chronic diseases, to identify with greater certainty the connective factors (synaptic networks) between the input variables and the output variables associated. Objective: Identify the synaptic weights of the ANN whose input variables are the executive functions (EF) and healthy lifestyles as predictors of Body Fat Percentage (BFP) in a group of adult subjects with different levels of BFP. Methods: The Neuropsychological Battery (BANFE-2) and the Overeating Questionnaire (OQ) were administered to 40 participants aged between 18 and 38 years. BFP was measured using a RENPHO ES-24M Smart Body Composition Scale. The perceptron ANN model with ten trials was applied with a multilayer-perceptron. Results: The ANN showed that the sensory variables with greater synaptic weight for BFP were Stroop A and B Errors and Successes of BANFE-2, and OQ scales Rationalizations and Healthy Habits. Conclusions: ANN proved to be important in the simultaneous analysis of neuropsychological and healthy lifestyle data for the analysis of OB prevention and treatment by identifying the variables that are closely related

Cognitive factors predicting therapeutic adherence in people with overweight and obesity / Factores cognitivos predictivos de adherencia terapéutica en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad

AbstractThe lack of adherence to treatment (ADT) in people with chronic diseases range from 40 to 75%. Two thirds of the patients with obesity under treatment recover the weight lost after one year, and almost all of them after five years, which is associated with the lack of ADT. Adherence refers to a multidimensional phenomenon that involves the reciprocal action of several factors, including those related to the patient. Assumption that triggered the first socio-cognitive models of ADT. The aim of the present work was to identify which factors of three different models (Theory of the planned behavior [TPB], Beliefs in health, and the one of Wallston) can predict the ADT of patients with overweight or obesity. A total of 118 adults participated, with an average age of 52.0 years (SD = 19.0), who were under pharmacological treatment and completed three questionnaires, each one related to the models evaluated, and another one related to ADT. Of the 13 factors, only one (attitudes, from the TPB model) showed ability to predict ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Therefore, for overweight and obesity it is necessary to propose models that can reflect better the differences that underlie the ADT.  Resumen La falta de adherencia al tratamiento (ADT) en personas con enfermedades crónicas puede fluctuar entre 40 y 75%. Dos tercios de los pacientes con obesidad bajo tratamiento recuperan el peso perdido tras un año, y casi todos a los cinco años, lo que se asocia con la falta de ADT. Esta refiere a un fenómeno multidimensional que supone la acción recíproca de diversos factores, y entre ellos los relativos al paciente. Supuesto que dio paso al surgimiento de los modelos socio-cognitivos de la ADT. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar qué factores de tres diferentes modelos (Teoría de la conducta planeada [TCP], Creencias en salud y el de Wallston) pueden predecir la ADT de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Participaron 118 adultos, con edad promedio de 52.0 años (DE = 19.0), quienes estaban bajo tratamiento farmacológico y completaron tres cuestionarios, cada uno relativo a los modelos evaluados, y otro más referente a ADT. De los 13 factores, solo uno (Actitudes, del modelo de TCP) mostró capacidad para predecir la ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Por tanto, en el caso del sobrepeso u obesidad resulta necesario proponer modelos que reflejen mejor los aspectos que subyacen a la ADT

La implementación de técnicas de programación neurolingüística a un grupo de personas con obesidad para la reducción del índice de masa corporal

Tesis (Especialidad en Programación Neurolingüística), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI, CICS, Unidad Santo Tomás, 2009, 1 archivo PDF, (37 páginas), tesis.ipn.m

VALIDATION OF SATISFACTION WITH LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE IN MEXICAN POPULATION

El Bienestar (BE) está asociado a la Satisfacción con la Vida (SV), que incluye la Satisfacción Física y la Satisfacción Social. La satisfacción con la vida se refiere a la evaluación personal de la calidad de las propias ex periencias y está relacionada con un sentimiento personal de bienestar o felicidad. Objetivo: estandarizar el cuestionario SV en adultos mexicanos utilizando una aplicación de salud mental. Métodos: transversal, con se lección de n por conveniencia por método bola de nieve y psicometría con usuarios de la app de salud mental Mindsurf. Los usuarios respondieron el Cuestionario SV construido ex profeso, con el fin de analizar su confi abilidad con el MKO de Adecuación Muestreo, identificar correlaciones y realizar la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett. Se realizaron análisis fac toriales confirmatorios para estimar la máxima verosimilitud con Struc tural Equation Modeling (SEM) para evaluar la validez del constructo. Resultados: n = 18, 657, x = 26 años (DE = 8), 83.6% eran del sexo fe menino y 60% residentes en la Ciudad de México. Coeficiente de con f iabilidad de 0,871, con r = 0,593 a 0,302; MKO = 0,96, prueba de es fericidad de Bartlett = 0,0001 o relaciones significativas entre ítems. El 53,35% explica la variación total de los datos. Se observó una distribución de 15 ítems en tres factores: Satisfacción con la Vida, Satisfacción Física y Satisfacción Social. El modelo mostró un buen ajuste. Conclusión: El&nbsp;Cuestionario SV es válido y adaptable en la población adulta mexicana.&nbsp;Well-being (WB) is associated with Satisfaction with Life (SWL), which includes Physical Satisfaction and Social Satisfaction. Life satisfaction refers to the personal evaluation of the quality of one’s own experienc es and is related to a personal feeling of well-being or happiness. Objec tive: To standardize SWL questionnaire in Mexican adults using a mental health app. Methods: Cross-sectional, with selection of n for convenience by snowball method and psychometrics with users of the mental health app Mindsurd. The users answered SWL Questionnaire built on purpose, in order to analyze its reliability with the MKO of Sampling Adequacy, identify correlations and perform Bartlett’s sphericity test. Confirmato ry factor analyzes were performed to estimate maximum likelihood with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the validity of the con struct. Results: n = 18, 657, x = 26 years old (SD = 8), 83.6% were fe male and 60% were residents of Mexico City. Reliability coefficient of 0.871, with r = 0.593 to 0.302; MKO = 0.96, Bartlett’s sphericity test&nbsp; = 0.0001 or significant relationships between items. 53.35% explains the total variation of the data. A distribution of 15 items was observed in three factors: Satisfaction with Life, Physical Satisfaction and So cial Satisfaction. The model showed a good fit. Conclusion: The SWL Questionnaire is valid and adaptable in the adult Mexican population.&nbsp

Construct Validity of a Questionnaire on Eating and Physical Activity Habits for Adolescents in Mexico City

The assessment of eating and physical activity habits is an important step in promoting healthy behaviors among the adolescent population and is key in the prevention and management of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, reliable and valid measuring instruments are essential. In this context, the aim of this article is to present the validation of a self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City. In order to validate the questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2710 adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, the piloting of the questionnaire was carried out in September 2022 with a focus group, and the programming of the anthropometric measurements was established with the Federal Educational Authority of CDMX, as well as the application of the questionnaire to 33 schools, with these activities being scheduled from 7 November 2022 to 3 February 2023 and having an application duration of 15–25 min for each of the groups to which it was applied; the questionnaire that was applied consists of 31 questions that refer to the frequencies, quantity, or performance of behaviors related to the frequency and type of food, type of physical activity and behaviors related to the act of eating referring to the place where it is carried out (home or away from home) and with whom it is carried out (alone or in company), and about the individual’s lifestyle. Subsequently, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the questionnaire was adequately reliable (α = 0.778) with an eight-factor structure: four questions on mealtime frequencies, four questions on physical activity and lifestyles, six questions on the consumption of high-calorie foods, four questions on company and food consumption, four questions on the consumption of vegetables and fruits, four questions on the place of food consumption, two questions on the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and three questions on the consumption of sugary drinks, plain water, and milk. In conclusion, the self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City is reliable, has adequate internal consistency, and can therefore be used as a useful tool for the evaluation of eating and physical activity habits in this population

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Pain with Thermal Imaging of Emotional Facial Expression in Breast Cancer Survivors

Background: Recent research has evaluated psychological and biological characteristics associated with pain in survivors of breast cancer (BC). Few studies consider their relationship with inflammatory activity. Voluntary facial expressions modify the autonomic activity and this may be useful in the hospital environment for clinical biopsychosocial assessment of pain. Methods: This research compared a BC survivors group under integral treatment (Oncology, Psychology, Nutrition) with a control group to assess the intensity of pain, behavioral interference, anxiety, depression, temperament-expression, anger control, social isolation, emotional regulation, and alexithymia and inflammatory activity, with salivary interleukin 6 (IL-6). Then, a psychophysiological evaluation through repeated measures of facial infrared thermal imaging (IRT) and hands in baseline—positive facial expression (joy)—negative facial expression (pain)—relaxation (diaphragmatic breathing). Results: The results showed changes in the IRT (p &lt; 0.05) during the execution of facial expressions in the chin, perinasal, periorbital, frontal, nose, and fingers areas in both groups. No differences were found in the IL-6 level among the aforementioned groups, but an association with baseline nasal temperature (p &lt; 0.001) was observable. The BC group had higher alexithymia score (p &lt; 0.01) but lower social isolation (p &lt; 0.05), in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: In the low- and medium-concentration groups of IL-6, the psychophysiological intervention proposed in this study has a greater effect than on the high concentration group of IL-6. This will be considered in the design of psychological and psychosocial interventions for the treatment of pain

Evaluación de cambios en esquemas tempranos desadaptativos y en la antropometría de mujeres obesas con un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal.

Según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Nutricional, publicada en el 2006, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en México el 70% de la población padece sobrepeso u obesidad. Según Barquera, al ser un problema de salud pública, la intervención desde diversos ámbitos es indispensable. En este trabajo se utilizó el modelo teórico denominado Esquemas Tempranos Desadaptativos (ETD) de Young, el cual explica que dichos esquemas distorsionan el procesamiento de la información del sujeto y, por lo tanto, son disfuncionales. El objetivo fue identificar y evaluar si hay cambios en los ETD de mujeres obesas después de un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal de 14 sesiones, con una n= 22. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la evaluación pre-post en los esquemas privación emocional, inestabilidad emocional, autosacrificio, abandono y fracaso, así como en el Índice de Masa Corporal (imc) y el peso corporal