Effects of reducing dietary content of crude protein and indispensable amino acids on performance and carcass traits of single-phase- and 2-phase-fed growing-finishing pigs

Effects of reducing dietary content of crude protein (CP) and Lys on performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs were studied in 690 crossbred (Swedish Yorkshire dams x Hampshire sires) female and vaccinated entire male pigs with an average initial live weight (LW) of 32.3 kg. The pigs were raised in pens with mixed sexes and were fed restrictedly using 2 different feeding plans, single-phase and 2-phase. Within each feeding plan, 3 CP contents were investigated: 13.5 (low), 14.5 (medium), and 15.5 (high) g standardized ileal digestible(SID) CP/g SID Lys. Each CP comprised 2 Lys contents. For single-phase-fed pigs this implied either 0.76 or0.85 g SID Lys/MJ net energy (NE). For 2-phase-fed pigs, the contents were either 0.89 in phase 1 and 0.71 in phase 2 or 0.98 in phase 1 and 0.79 in phase 2 g SID Lys/MJ NE. In low and high Lys, the expected total consumption of digestible Lys from start to slaughter was calculated to be equal for single-phase- and 2-phase-fedpigs. The change of diet in the 2-phase feeding plan was at an average LW of 60.8 kg and slaughter was performed at 117.3 kg. Irrespective of dietary CP and Lys content, 2-phase-fed pigs had higher daily weight gain(DWG) and better feed conversion in phase 1 than single-phase-fed pigs. In phase 2, single-phase-fed pigs fully compensated, so that overall DWG and feed conversion did not differ between single-phase- and 2-phase-fed pigs(1014 vs. 1013 g/d; 24.5 vs. 24.5 MJ NE/kg DWG). Dietary CP content had no effect on DWG and feed conversion in phase 1. However, pigs grew faster and had better feed conversion in phase 2 (P= 0.002 and P= 0.018, respectively) and during the entire raising period with the high CP content (P= 0.003 and P= 0.006, respectively). For both single-phase- and 2-phase-fed pigs, high dietary Lys content improved DWG and feed conversion in phase 1 compared with the low content (1002 vs. 968 g/d;P= 0.001 and 20.7 vs.21.5 MJ NE/kg DWG;P= 0.004), whereas no difference was observed in phase 2. Overall, Lys content did not affect DWG, while feed conversion was better for pigs fed the high Lys content (P= 0.035). Carcass traits were unaffected by feeding plan, CP, and Lys content. Reducing dietary CP content from high to low diminished the N output by approximately 20%. The conclusions are that growing-finishing pigs had the capacity for compensatory growth and can therefore be single-phase-fed, and that the current recommendations of CP and Lys could be reduced

A Paleolithic diet confers higher insulin sensitivity, lower C-reactive protein and lower blood pressure than a cereal-based diet in domestic pigs

BACKGROUND: A Paleolithic diet has been suggested to be more in concordance with human evolutionary legacy than a cereal based diet. This might explain the lower incidence among hunter-gatherers of diseases of affluence such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to experimentally study the long-term effect of a Paleolithic diet on risk factors for these diseases in domestic pigs. We examined glucose tolerance, post-challenge insulin response, plasma C-reactive protein and blood pressure after 15 months on Paleolithic diet in comparison with a cereal based swine feed. METHODS: Upon weaning twenty-four piglets were randomly allocated either to cereal based swine feed (Cereal group) or cereal free Paleolithic diet consisting of vegetables, fruit, meat and a small amount of tubers (Paleolithic group). At 17 months of age an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed and pancreas specimens were collected for immunohistochemistry. Group comparisons of continuous variables were made by use of the t-test. P < 0.05 was chosen for statistical significance. Simple and multivariate correlations were evaluated by use of linear regression analysis. RESULTS: At the end of the study the Paleolithic group weighed 22% less and had 43% lower subcutaneous fat thickness at mid sternum. No significant difference was seen in fasting glucose between groups. Dynamic insulin sensitivity was significantly higher (p = 0.004) and the insulin response was significantly lower in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.001). The geometric mean of C-reactive protein was 82% lower (p = 0.0007) and intra-arterial diastolic blood pressure was 13% lower in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.007). In evaluations of multivariate correlations, diet emerged as the strongest explanatory variable for the variations in dynamic insulin sensitivity, insulin response, C-reactive protein and diastolic blood pressure when compared to other relevant variables such as weight and subcutaneous fat thickness at mid sternum. There was no obvious immunohistochemical difference in pancreatic islets between the groups, but leukocytes were clearly more frequent in sampled pancreas from the Cereal group. CONCLUSION: This study in domestic pigs suggests that a Paleolithic diet conferred higher insulin sensitivity, lower C-reactive protein and lower blood pressure when compared to a cereal based diet

TUOTESIJOITTELU MARKKINOINTIVIESTINNÄN KEINONA Toimivuuden kartoitus audiovisuaalisessa kontekstissa eri taustan omaavien ryhmien välillä

Tuotesijoittelu on markkinointiviestinnän keino, jonka juuret ulottuvat 1900-luvun alkupuolen elokuvamaailmaan. Tuotesijoittelulla pyritään vaikuttamaan viestinnän vastaanottajan tuotemuistiin sijoittamalla tuotemerkkejä erilaisiin rajapintoihin / konteksteihin, kuten elokuviin, televisio-ohjelmiin, kirjallisiin teoksiin, musiikkivideoihin, sanoituksiin ja tietokone-, / mobiilipeleihin. Sijoittelun muodoiksi voidaan tunnistaa mm. audio, eli äänin tuotettu kuultu viesti, visuaalinen, eli näkyvä sijoittelu, edellä mainittujen yhdistelmä audiovisuaalinen tuotesijoittelu sekä juonisijoittelu. Yleisemmin tuotesijoittelua esiintyy televisio-ohjelmissa ja elokuvissa niiden taustoista riippumatta. Tämän tutkimuksen ongelmana oli selvittää, Onko ammatti-, ja tai koulutustaustalla merkitystä markkinointiviestinnän, eli tässä yhteydessä tuotesijoittelun toimivuuteen ja miten viestintä toimii eri markkinointiviestinnän vaikutustasoilla. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta ulkomaisen elokuvamaailman olevan kiinnostavampi niin elokuvakontekstin, kuin myös tuotesijoittelun mielestä. Tietämys mitatuin keinoin kasvoi tutkimuksen kuluessa tuotesijoittelusta tutkimukseen osallistuneiden ryhmien sisällä, mutta merkittäviä eroja tietämyksellisesti ei voida vahvistaa. Herkkyyden osalta voidaan todeta vastaajien kokevan olevan ryhmästä ja tai koulutustaustastaan huolimatta herkempiä tunnistamaan ja havaitsemaan tuotesijoittelun ja mahdollisen muun markkinointiviestinnän kuin muut. Vastaavasti vastaajien mielestä tuotesijoittelulla ei voida vaikuttaa juuri heihin yhtä paljon, kuin muihin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että tuotesijoittelulla voidaan vaikuttaa kaikkiin kolmeen markkinointiviestinnän vaikutustasoon.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Feed for organic pigs

The guide contains information on nutrient requirements for pigs and practical recommendations on feeding strategies for organic pigs. Included is information about amino acids, phosphorus, energy-amino acid balance and nutrient requirements, as well as examples of feed rations with lower energy and lysine content. The guide also describes the principles for compensatory growth and the importance of feed analysis and record keeping of production results. The guidelines are relevant and available to use for advisors and farmers

Effects of using locally produced protein feed ingredients in low protein diets to single-phase-fed growing-finishing pigs

In two trials, 358 female and entire male pigs vaccinated against boar taint (YxH) were single-phasefed with diets that were planned to contain 0.78 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ net energy and 14.5 g SID CP/g SID lysine. A reference diet with soya bean meal (SBM) as the protein feed ingredient, was replaced with either cereal by-products (CBP), rapeseed meal (RSM), faba beans (FB) or mixtures of 50% CBP and 50% RSM (CBP + RSM) or 50% FB and 50% RSM (FB + RSM) in the experimental diets. Treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, lean meat content or dressing percentage and carcass value. Singlephase-fed pigs on diets with local protein ingredients can perform as well as single-phase-fed pigs on diets with soya bean meal, and CBP, RSM, FB have the potential to replace soya bean meal in nutritionally well-balanced diets to growing-finishing pigs

Abrasion resistance for high quality wearing course pavements

Högkvalitativa beläggningsmassor samlades in vid produktion under beläggningssäsongerna 2009– 2013, däribland gummiasfalt samt referensbeläggning (ofta använd av VTI med ”Skärlundagranit” som ballast). Slitageprovning med avseende på avnötning från dubbdäck utfördes i VTI:s cirkulära Provvägsmaskin (PVM) i tre omgångar. Även provning enligt Prallmetoden (EN 12697/16) utfördes för att kontrollera överenstämmelsen mellan de olika provningssätten. I några fall har avnötningen även kontrollerats på platser där de aktuella beläggningarna utförts som slitlager. Dessa mätningar har utförts inom andra uppdrag vid VTI, varefter resultaten blivit tillgängliga för jämförelser. Varje enskilt test omfattade 14 beläggningstyper inklusive referensbeläggning fördelade på 28 provplattor i en PVM-ring. Provplattorna tillverkades i laboratoriemiljö. Vid tillverkningen av plattor kompletterades med en extra platta per beläggningstyp för laboratorieprovningar (tillverkning av 3 plattor per beläggningstyp det vill säga 42 plattor per ring). Plattorna karaktäriseras som normalplatta för PVM-test med en tjocklek av ca 40 millimeter. Varje test startade med däck som ”körts in” cirka 500 kilometer, monterade på personbil under näst intill identiska omgivande förhållanden. Däck, av samma fabrikat, för fyra testomgångar (4*4=16) köptes in vid samma tillfälle och delades upp slumpmässigt mellan ringarna. Slitagetesterna i PVM pågick tills ett linjärt slitageförlopp uppnåddes, dock minst 200 000 och högst cirka 300 000 varv. Uppföljningen utfördes genom slitage-/ beständighetsmätning med VTI:s Laserprofilometer av samtliga 28 provplattor per ring.Samples from high-quality wearing course asphalt mixes were collected during production in the seasons 2009-2013. The samples included modified asphalts as well as reference mixes. Three different surface wear tests, with respect to abrasion from studded tyres, were carried out using VTIs circular road simulator (PVM). In order to verify the correlation between the three different test modes, tests according to EN 12697-16, Prall method, have been carried out. Each of the tests included 14 mix types, including a reference mix, distributed over 28 test plates. The test plates were constructed in a laboratory environment. Extra plates were also constructed for laboratory testing. In total, 42 plates were required per test. Standard plates for PVM testing were used and had a thickness of about 40 millimetres. Each test used tyres that had been “run-in” for about 500 kilometres. Sixteen tyres (including 4 reserve) were required for the test runs. Tyres were purchased at the same time from the same manufacturer and divided up randomly. Testing was carried out until a constant linear rate of surface wear was achieved. The minimum and maximum number of machine revolutions were set at 200 000 and 300 000 respectively. Surface wear measurements were made by a laser profilometer and were taken at regular intervals on all 28 sample plates

The potential to identify low friction from macrotexture : condition assessment of road surface

Trafikverket vill kunna beskriva friktionen för hela det statliga vägnätet. En rikstäckande friktionsmätning är praktiskt svår att hantera och mycket kostsam medan vi redan idag mäter vägytans makrotextur. I projektet testar vi om makrotexturen (MPD, Mean Profile Depth) kan användas för att beskriva friktionstillståndet på vägnätet. Vi har inte kunnat visa på detta samband men vi redovisar andra intressanta iakttagelser som ger en pusselbit till hur Trafikverket kan och bör hantera friktionsfrågan. Vi ser bland annat att risken för låg friktion är större på vägavsnitt som har låga MPD-värden speciellt på lappade ytbehandlade vägar med blödningar. Vidare beskriver vi vilka friktionsrisker det finns med olika beläggningar och hur dessa kan hanteras.The Swedish Transport Administration want to describe the friction condition of the entire national road network. A nationwide friction measurement is practically difficult to manage and very costly, while we are already measuring road surface macrotexture. In this project, we test whether the macro texture (MPD, Mean Profile Depth) can be used to describe the friction condition of the road network. We have not been able to show this correlation but we present other interesting findings that give a piece of the puzzle for the Swedish Transport Administration how they can and should deal with the friction issue. We see, among other things, that the risk of low friction is greater on road sections with low MPD values and especially on roads with surface dressing that has bleeding patches. Furthermore, we describe the friction risks involved with different coatings and how these might be handled