108 research outputs found
FoxP3 and Bcl-xL cooperatively promote regulatory T cell persistence and prevention of arthritis development
RecExplainer: Aligning Large Language Models for Recommendation Model Interpretability
Recommender systems are widely used in various online services, with
embedding-based models being particularly popular due to their expressiveness
in representing complex signals. However, these models often lack
interpretability, making them less reliable and transparent for both users and
developers. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), we find that
their capabilities in language expression, knowledge-aware reasoning, and
instruction following are exceptionally powerful. Based on this, we propose a
new model interpretation approach for recommender systems, by using LLMs as
surrogate models and learn to mimic and comprehend target recommender models.
Specifically, we introduce three alignment methods: behavior alignment,
intention alignment, and hybrid alignment. Behavior alignment operates in the
language space, representing user preferences and item information as text to
learn the recommendation model's behavior; intention alignment works in the
latent space of the recommendation model, using user and item representations
to understand the model's behavior; hybrid alignment combines both language and
latent spaces for alignment training. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our
methods, we conduct evaluation from two perspectives: alignment effect, and
explanation generation ability on three public datasets. Experimental results
indicate that our approach effectively enables LLMs to comprehend the patterns
of recommendation models and generate highly credible recommendation
explanations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 table
Mass segmentation using a combined method for cancer detection
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death for women all over the world and mammography is thought of as one of the main tools for early detection of breast cancer. In order to detect the breast cancer, computer aided technology has been introduced. In computer aided cancer detection, the detection and segmentation of mass are very important. The shape of mass can be used as one of the factors to determine whether the mass is malignant or benign. However, many of the current methods are semi-automatic. In this paper, we investigate fully automatic segmentation method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, a new mass segmentation algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a fully automatic marker-controlled watershed transform is proposed to segment the mass region roughly, and then a level set is used to refine the segmentation. For over-segmentation caused by watershed, we also investigated different noise reduction technologies. Images from DDSM were used in the experiments and the results show that the new algorithm can improve the accuracy of mass segmentation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The new algorithm combines the advantages of both methods. The combination of the watershed based segmentation and level set method can improve the efficiency of the segmentation. Besides, the introduction of noise reduction technologies can reduce over-segmentation.</p
Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendations
Recommender models excel at providing domain-specific item recommendations by
leveraging extensive user behavior data. Despite their ability to act as
lightweight domain experts, they struggle to perform versatile tasks such as
providing explanations and engaging in conversations. On the other hand, large
language models (LLMs) represent a significant step towards artificial general
intelligence, showcasing remarkable capabilities in instruction comprehension,
commonsense reasoning, and human interaction. However, LLMs lack the knowledge
of domain-specific item catalogs and behavioral patterns, particularly in areas
that diverge from general world knowledge, such as online e-commerce.
Finetuning LLMs for each domain is neither economic nor efficient.
In this paper, we bridge the gap between recommender models and LLMs,
combining their respective strengths to create a versatile and interactive
recommender system. We introduce an efficient framework called InteRecAgent,
which employs LLMs as the brain and recommender models as tools. We first
outline a minimal set of essential tools required to transform LLMs into
InteRecAgent. We then propose an efficient workflow within InteRecAgent for
task execution, incorporating key components such as a memory bus, dynamic
demonstration-augmented task planning, and reflection. InteRecAgent enables
traditional recommender systems, such as those ID-based matrix factorization
models, to become interactive systems with a natural language interface through
the integration of LLMs. Experimental results on several public datasets show
that InteRecAgent achieves satisfying performance as a conversational
recommender system, outperforming general-purpose LLMs.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 4 table
Circulating MicroRNA Profiles Differ between Qi-Stagnation and Qi-Deficiency in Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Blood Stasis Syndrome
We compared the circulating microRNA profiles of Qi-stagnation (QSB) and Qi-deficiency (QDB) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with blood stasis syndrome. Twenty-nine CHD patients were divided into QSB group and QDB group. The analysis was carried out through comparing their circulating microRNA profiles and the following bioinformatics analysis. The number of differential miRNAs in QDB group was much more than that in QSB group. Functional annotations of the differentially expressed miRNAs target genes in the QSB group and QDB group were, respectively, related to regulation of cellular component organization, regulation of glucose metabolic process, and so forth and protein kinase cascade, phosphate metabolic process, and so forth. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the process Qi-deficiency was associated with phagocytosis including endocytosis and mTOR signaling pathway. Specifically, pathway of cell adhesion molecules played the crucial role in the pathological process of Qi-stagnation, with a unique upregulation except for pathways associated with cancer signal. MicroRNA-gene-net analysis indicated that let-7c, miR-4487, miR-619, miR-8075, miR-6735, and miR-32-5p and miR-17-5p, miR-130a, and miR 320 family had the most important and extensive regulatory function for Qi-stagnation syndromes and Qi-deficiency syndromes, respectively. Differentially expressed miRNAs and concerned pathways suggest different molecular mechanisms that may mediate the pathological process of QSB and QDB syndromes
Shuangshen Ningxin Capsule, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal Preparation, Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia through Autophagy Regulation
Shuangshen Ningxin capsule (SSNX), a modern Chinese formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in Eastern Asia. Our study focuses on the autophagy regulation of SSNX against coronary artery injuries. Myocardial infarction model was established in Chinese miniswines (CMS) by coronary artery balloon injury. SSNX was administered to the CMS for 8 weeks with 4 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg. Myocardial cells were incubated with 20% SSNX medicated serum for 2 hours. Assays were performed to detect the effects of SSNX on (i) coronary artery diameter by angiography, (ii) hemodynamics by noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system, (iii) plaque burden and plaque volume by intravenous ultrasound (iv) coronary artery histology by H&E staining, (v) autophagosome by transmission electron microscopy, (vi) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and (vii) Beclin-1 and LC3-I/II expressions by Western blot. The results showed that CMS treated with SSNX exhibited the correction for the disturbed cardiac hemodynamics, increase of coronary artery diameter, reduction of high plaque burden and plaque volume, and decrease of LDH. The inhibitory effect of SSNX on CMS autophagy was demonstrated by the reduction of autophagosome and the downregulation of beclin-1 and LC3-I/II. SSNX may protect coronary artery and increase the stability of plaque through the suppression of myocardial cellular autophagy, which suggests the potentially therapeutic effect of SSNX on ischemic cardiovascular disease
Noninvasive suspicious liquid detection using wireless signals
Conventional liquid detection instruments are very expensive and not conducive to large-scale deployment. In this work, we propose a method for detecting and identifying suspicious liquids based on the dielectric constant by utilizing the radio signals at a 5G frequency band. There are three major experiments: first, we use wireless channel information (WCI) to distinguish between suspicious and nonsuspicious liquids; then we identify the type of suspicious liquids; and finally, we distinguish the different concentrations of alcohol. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify the amplitude information extracted from the WCI matrix to detect and identify liquids, which is suitable for multimodal problems and easy to implement without training. The experimental result analysis showed that our method could detect more than 98% of the suspicious liquids, identify more than 97% of the suspicious liquid types, and distinguish up to 94% of the different concentrations of alcohol
AAU-Net: an Adaptive Attention U-Net for breast lesions segmentation in ultrasound images
Various deep learning methods have been proposed to segment breast lesions from ultrasound images. However, similar intensity distributions, variable tumor morphologies and blurred boundaries present challenges for breast lesions segmentation, especially for malignant tumors with irregular shapes. Considering the complexity of ultrasound images, we develop an adaptive attention U-net (AAU-net) to segment breast lesions automatically and stably from ultrasound images. Specifically, we introduce a hybrid adaptive attention module (HAAM), which mainly consists of a channel self-attention block and a spatial self-attention block, to replace the traditional convolution operation. Compared with the conventional convolution operation, the design of the hybrid adaptive attention module can help us capture more features under different receptive fields. Different from existing attention mechanisms, the HAAM module can guide the network to adaptively select more robust representation in channel and space dimensions to cope with more complex breast lesions segmentation. Extensive experiments with several state-of-the-art deep learning segmentation methods on three public breast ultrasound datasets show that our method has better performance on breast lesions segmentation. Furthermore, robustness analysis and external experiments demonstrate that our proposed AAU-net has better generalization performance in the breast lesion segmentation. Moreover, the HAAM module can be flexibly applied to existing network frameworks. The source code is available on https://github.com/CGPxy/AAU-net
Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning application for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of nitrogen status in cotton leaves
Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is a critical indicator of crop nutrient status. In this study, the feasibility of using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with deep learning to estimate LNC in cotton leaves was explored. The samples were collected from cotton’s whole growth cycle, and the spectra were from different measurement environments. The random frog (RF), weighted partial least squares regression (WPLS), and saliency map were used for characteristic wavelength selection. Qualitative models (partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine for classification (SVC), convolutional neural network classification (CNNC) and quantitative models (partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine for regression (SVR), convolutional neural network regression (CNNR)) were established based on the full spectra and characteristic wavelengths. Satisfactory results were obtained by models based on CNN. The classification accuracy of leaves in three different LNC ranges was up to 83.34%, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of quantitative prediction models of cotton leaves was as low as 3.36. In addition, the identification of cotton leaves based on the predicted LNC also achieved good results. These results indicated that the nitrogen content of cotton leaves could be effectively detected by deep learning and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy, which has great potential for real-world application
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