Acute Pancreatitis - Literature Review

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio agudo del páncreas de inicio abrupto debido a que se activan enzimas digestivas a nivel intrapancreático, este puede tener varias causas que lo desencadenan, pero entre las principales se encuentran la litiasis biliar y el consumo de alcohol, donde el síntoma principal es el dolor de comienzo súbito en el epigastrio y dolor umbilical que se irradia hacia la espalda, e hipocondrio derecho e izquierdo en forma de cinturón, los mismos que tienden a incrementarse en el instante que el paciente se alimenta. El diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de dos de tres hallazgos: dolor abdominal típico, elevación de enzimas pancreáticas en sangre. El tratamiento dependerá del grado de severidad de la pancreatitis aguda. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada de pancreatitis aguda basada en bibliografía confiable y actualizada de los últimos 5 años, caso de no tener la información suficiente se acudirá a bibliografías un poco más antiguas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizo una revisión bibliográfica actualizada en inglés y español sobre pancreatitis aguda, donde se usó herramientas y medios de búsqueda como Google Scholar, PubMed, NEJM, Science Direct de artículos y revisiones sistemáticas publicados desde el 2018 hasta el 2023. Conclusión: La pancreatitis aguda es una patología con alta incidencia en adultos de 40 a 60 años, cuyas principales causas son litiasis biliar y consumo de alcohol, su diagnóstico es clínico y pruebas de laboratorio como amilasa y lipasa, y el tratamiento depende del grado de severidad que esta patología presente, el mismo que permite reducir las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo.Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with an abrupt onset due to the activation of digestive enzymes at the intrapancreatic level, this can have several causes that trigger it, but among the main ones are gallstones and alcohol consumption, where the main symptom is sudden onset pain in the epigastrium and umbilical pain that radiates to the back, and right and left hypochondrium in the form of a belt, the same ones that tend to increase at the moment the patient eats. The diagnosis is based on the presence of two of three findings: typical abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes in the blood. Treatment will depend on the degree of severity of acute pancreatitis. Objective: To carry out an updated bibliographic review of acute pancreatitis based on reliable and updated bibliography of the last 5 years. In case of not having sufficient information, slightly older bibliographies will be used. Materials and methods: An updated bibliographic review was carried out in English and Spanish on acute pancreatitis, using search tools and media such as Google Scholar, PubMed, NEJM, Science Direct of articles and systematic reviews published from 2018 to 2023. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is a pathology with a high incidence in adults between 40 and 60 years of age, whose main causes are gallstones and alcohol consumption, its diagnosis is clinical and laboratory tests such as amylase and lipase, and the treatment depends on the degree of severity. that this pathology is present, the same that allows to reduce the complications in the short and long term

Juvenile sex offenders: An object relations approach.

Factors that contribute to sexual aggression among incarcerated juvenile sex offender were studied using object relational concepts and the ecological model developed by Bronfenbrenner (1977, 1979). Seventy-five adjudicated juvenile sex offenders and 53 adjudicated non-sexual offenders were recruited from a midwestern boy's training school. Subjects completed the Bell's Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (Bell, 1992), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein, Fink, Handelsman, Foote, Lovejoy, Wenzel, Sapareto and Ruggiero, 1994), the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (Millon, 1993), the Balance Inventory of Desirable Responding (Paulhus, 1984), and answered questions developed specifically for this project in an interview format. Juvenile sex offenders reported greater psychological dysfunction, poorer social functioning, more experience of childhood victimization, and more exposure to certain types of sexually explicit stimuli than did general delinquents. However, only the experience of childhood sexual abuse predicted subsequent sexual offending. There were also two unexpected findings in the present study. (1) Subjects were more candid in their reporting of childhood abuse when they completed a questionnaire than when they answered questions face-to-face in the interview. (2) Contrary to our hypothesis, more sex offenders who reported a history of sexual abuse stated that they had been verbally coerced or seduced into complying with the perpetrator, whereas more general delinquents who reported such a history stated that the perpetrator had used a weapon in order to force them into compliance. These unanticipated findings are discussed. Theoretical implications of the study, as well as recommendations for future research, are also considered.Ph.D.Clinical psychologyCriminologyPsychologySocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/132408/2/9963836.pd

Framing Diversity for Multiple Stakeholders

To broaden stakeholder buy-in and break through the diversity paradox (those who are sensitized to the issue come to training while those who are not, don’t), faculty development around diversity issues needs to be framed in multiple ways. We present a case study of a mid-size New England private comprehensive university that has a troubled history and still struggles to convey the importance of diversity issues to the entire faculty community. Framing the conversation financially, pedagogically, and ethically helped the Faculty Diversity Committee secure from the Provost two hours of the single day of the year all faculty are required to gather; inviting a (white male) science faculty from a comparable university to discuss his quantitative data broadened the appeal to disciplines outside the humanities and social sciences; presenting current theories of diversity flashpoints along with current retention statistics showed the human and statistical costs to the institution; and, most importantly, working with vignettes from currently enrolled students gave all faculty members an awareness of the harm of even unintentional insensitivity in their own classrooms. Among the most significant findings in the vignette data was the impact of faculty insensitivity on student bystanders, indicating that flashpoints affect the entire classroom and therefore institutional dynamics. Over 200 positive faculty evaluations encouraged us to create an ongoing resource site through which we can measure new allies. Session Activity: Participants will work with a sample student vignette, looking at it from different stakeholder perspectives, including administrators, faculty, and students—both victims and witnesses. Session Outcome: Participants will be able to articulate appropriate framing mechanisms for multiple stakeholders in order to argue effectively for significant and broad-based dedication of resources