Fodder trees and shrubs for high rainfall areas of south Western Australia

In south Western Australia, the lack of good quality feed in late summer and autumn is a major constraint to livestock production. This feed gap is usually filled by costly supplementary hand feeding of grain or hay. The ability of some trees and shrubs to provide good quality forage during summer and autumn has generated interest for many years (Corbett, 1951; Everist, 1969; Snook, 1987;Oldham et al., 1991, Lefroy, 1991). The dual benefits of reducing the need for supplementary hand feeding and deferring the grazing of annual pastures until they are well established has recently led to the recognition of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) and saltbush (Atnp/exspecies) as important forage plants in Western Australia (Malcolm; 1986, Oldham et al., 1991

Changing Fortunes: A brief history of CSIRO funding from treasury and external sources, 1926 to 2015

The proportion of funds received by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO) from sources other than Treasury, referred to as external earnings, has been used by the Australian government as an indicator of CSIRO's engagement with industry and contribution to the economy. Two periods of decline in external earnings in the 1940s and the 1980s were followed by enquiries into the organisation's purpose and operation, amendments to CSIRO's enabling legislation and introduction of measures to improve industry engagement. After 1988 these measures included a 30% external earnings target. External earnings subsequently rose from 24% of total revenue in 1988/89 to average 36% over the period to 2014/15, peaking at 51% in 2011. Following a review in 2002 the target was removed due to its unintended consequences that included encouraging competition with private industry, placing emphasis on earning capacity over public good, and acting as a disincentive to innovation and collaboratio

The Australian Aborigines : a noble-hearted race /

Cover title.; Reprinted from the Contemporary Review, February, 1929.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.aus-f1860

The future of the Australian Aborigines /

Caption title.; Reprinted from Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, vol. 13, issued 22nd May, 1912.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.aus-f1861

The Aborigines of Australia : a plea for the remnant /

Cover title.; "Reprinted from The Manchester guardian, October 3, 1932"; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.aus-f1859

Fodder trees and shrubs for high rainfall areas of south Western Australia

In south Western Australia, the lack of good quality feed in late summer and autumn is a major constraint to livestock production. This feed gap is usually filled by costly supplementary hand feeding of grain or hay. The ability of some trees and shrubs to provide good quality forage during summer and autumn has generated interest for many years (Corbett, 1951; Everist, 1969; Snook, 1987;Oldham et al., 1991, Lefroy, 1991). The dual benefits of reducing the need for supplementary hand feeding and deferring the grazing of annual pastures until they are well established has recently led to the recognition of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) and saltbush (Atnp/exspecies) as important forage plants in Western Australia (Malcolm; 1986, Oldham et al., 1991

Using dispersal guilds to assess connectivity at the landscape scale: a case study in the Tasmanian Midlands

The objective of this study is to explore the potential for using dispersal guilds with connectivity modelling to characterise landscape connectivity for conservation planning. By using dispersal guilds as the focal conservation target, we can capture a range of responses to fragmentation without having to resort to time‐consuming single species modelling. This approach can identify those groups of species that are most impacted by fragmentation and are likely to benefit most from restoring links within a landscape. As well as developing the dispersal guild concept, we describe a process for engaging experts in eliciting the ecological and dispersal characteristics of target species, and identifying dispersal groups through cluster analysis of these characteristics. We used a case study in the Our study area the Northern Midlands of Tasmania to illustrate this approach

Characterising landscape connectivity for conservation planning using a dispersal guild approach

Context Land use changes have modified the extent and structure of native vegetation, resulting in fragmentation of native species habitat. Connectivity is increasingly seen as a requirement for effective conservation in these landscapes, but the question remains: ‘connectivity for which species?’. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and then apply a rapid, expert-based, dispersal guild approach where species are grouped on similar fine-scale dispersal behaviour (such as between scattered trees) and habitat characteristics. Methods Dispersal guilds were identified using clustering techniques to compare dispersal and habitat parameters elicited from experts. We modelled least-cost paths and corridors between patches and individual movement probabilities within these corridors for each of the dispersal guilds using Circuitscape. We demonstrate our approach with a case study in the Tasmanian Northern Midlands, Australia. Results The dispersal guild approach grouped the 12 species into five dispersal guilds. The connectivity modelling of those five guilds found that broadly dispersing species in this landscape, such as medium-sized carnivorous mammals, were unaffected by fragmentation while from the perspective of the three dispersal guilds made up of smaller mammals, the landscape appeared highly fragmented. Conclusions Our approach yields biologically defensible outputs that are broadly applicable, particularly for conservation planning where data and resources are limited. It is a useful first step in multi-species conservation planning which aims to identify those species most in need of conservation efforts