L’incidence du volet scolaire du projet Ruelle de l’Avenir sur la motivation et la performance d’élèves de milieux défavorisés

L’évolution de la motivation et de la performance d’élèves du primaire ayant profité du volet scolaire du projet Ruelle de l’Avenir (N = 139) a été comparée à celle d’un groupe témoin (N = 164) issu du même milieu défavorisé. Les analyses de variance à mesures répétées (MANOVA) et les analyses complémentaires (ANOVA) indiquent une augmentation significative de la perception de l’utilité de l’école, du français et des mathématiques, de même qu’une amélioration de la performance en écriture et en mathématiques pour le groupe expérimental. L’importance du partenariat et du choix des situations d’apprentissage en milieux défavorisés est discutée

The Evolution of Primate Short-Term Memory.

Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Evolution of Primate Short-Term Memory

Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Characterization of HBHA and LBP adhesins involved in the interaction of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with intestinal epithelial cells, the preferential target in vivo

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map), agent étiologique de la paratuberculose, a évolué en deuxtypes dénommés, S pour« Sheep » et C pour « Cattle ». L’intestin grêle est le site primaire de l’infection à Map mais les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’implantation du bacille restent largement méconnus. L’objectif de mon projet de thèse visait à identifier et caractériser les adhésines exprimées par Map par des approches génétiques et biochimiques. J’ai ainsi purifié la HBHA et la LBP par chromatographie d’affinité puis les ai identifiés en spectrométrie de masse. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur le polymorphisme de ces adhésines observé entre les souches de type C et S. Cette variabilité a été mise en évidence sur le domaine d’interaction avec les sucres sulfatés de la cellule hôte influençant l’affinité des adhésines pour l’héparine. Ce travail de thèse a permis de caractériser pour la première fois ces deux adhésines produites par Map. Le polymorphisme de la HBHA et de la LBP, discriminant les types C et S, ouvre de nombreuses perspectives sur l’évolution de l’espèce M. avium et le rôle de ces adhésines sur le tropisme intestinal, la préférence d’hôte de Map ou encore leur potentiel diagnostic.Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, has evolved into two types called, S for "Sheep" and C for "Cattle." The small intestine is the primary site of Map infection but the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of bacilli are still unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify and characterize the adhesins expressed by Map by genetic and biochemical approaches. I purified HBHA and LBP by affinity chromatography then identified them by mass spectrometry. The originality of this work is based on the polymorphism of these adhesins observed between strains of type C and S. This variability has been demonstrated in the binding domain involved in interaction with sulfated sugars of host cell influences adhesins affinity for heparin. This thesis has characterized for the first time these two adhesins produced by Map. Specific polymorphism highlighted related to the evolution of the species avium, opens large number questions on their role on the pathogenesis of Map including the cellular tropism, host preference or interest of these antigens to improve diagnostic

Etude des adhésines HBHA et LBP impliquées dans l'interaction de <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> ssp. <em>paratuberculosis</em> avec les cellules épithéliales intestinales, cibles privilégiées de la bactérie in vivo

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, has evolved into two types called, S for "Sheep" and C for "Cattle." The small intestine is the primary site of Map infection but the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of bacilli are still unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify and characterize the adhesins expressed by Map by genetic and biochemical approaches. I purified HBHA and LBP by affinity chromatography then identified them by mass spectrometry. The originality of this work is based on the polymorphism of these adhesins observed between strains of type C and S. This variability has been demonstrated in the binding domain involved in interaction with sulfated sugars of host cell influences adhesins affinity for heparin. This thesis has characterized for the first time these two adhesins produced by Map. Specific polymorphism highlighted related to the evolution of the species avium, opens large number questions on their role on the pathogenesis of Map including the cellular tropism, host preference or interest of these antigens to improve diagnostic.Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map), agent étiologique de la paratuberculose, a évolué en deux types dénommés, S pour« Sheep » et C pour « Cattle ». L’intestin grêle est le site primaire de l’infection à Map mais les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’implantation du bacille restent largement méconnus. L’objectif de mon projet de thèse visait à identifier et caractériser les adhésines exprimées par Map par des approches génétiques et biochimiques. J’ai ainsi purifié la HBHA et la LBP par chromatographie d’affinité puis les ai identifiés en spectrométrie de masse. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur le polymorphisme de ces adhésines observé entre les souches de type C et S. Cette variabilité a été mise en évidence sur le domaine d’interaction avec les sucres sulfatés de la cellule hôte influençant l’affinité des adhésines pour l’héparine. Ce travail de thèse a permis de caractériser pour la première fois ces deux adhésines produites par Map. Le polymorphisme de la HBHA et de la LBP, discriminant les types C et S, ouvre de nombreuses perspectives sur l’évolution de l’espèce M. avium et le rôle de ces adhésines sur le tropisme intestinal, la préférence d’hôte de Map ou encore leur potentiel diagnostic

Quelques bas-reliefs récemment remis au jour à la cathédrale de Rouen

Lefrançois-Pillion Louise. Quelques bas-reliefs récemment remis au jour à la cathédrale de Rouen. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 112, n°2, année 1954. pp. 191-194

Zanettacci (H.). Les ateliers picards de sculpture à la fin du Moyen Age. Collection Études d'art, publiée par le Musée national d'Alger

Lefrançois-Pillion Louise. Zanettacci (H.). Les ateliers picards de sculpture à la fin du Moyen Age. Collection Études d'art, publiée par le Musée national d'Alger. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 113, n°2, année 1955. pp. 145-146

Le portail de l'église de Notre-Dame de Corbie

Lefrançois-Pillion Louise. Le portail de l'église de Notre-Dame de Corbie. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 84, année 1925. pp. 131-146

Autour d'un groupe de statues de la façade occidentale de la cathédrale de Reims

Lefrançois-Pillion Louise. Autour d'un groupe de statues de la façade occidentale de la cathédrale de Reims. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 109, n°1, année 1951. pp. 41-46