32 research outputs found

    Universal architecture of bacterial chemoreceptor arrays

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    Chemoreceptors are key components of the high-performance signal transduction system that controls bacterial chemotaxis. Chemoreceptors are typically localized in a cluster at the cell pole, where interactions among the receptors in the cluster are thought to contribute to the high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and precise adaptation of the signaling system. Previous structural and genomic studies have produced conflicting models, however, for the arrangement of the chemoreceptors in the clusters. Using whole-cell electron cryo-tomography, here we show that chemoreceptors of different classes and in many different species representing several major bacterial phyla are all arranged into a highly conserved, 12-nm hexagonal array consistent with the proposed “trimer of dimers” organization. The various observed lengths of the receptors confirm current models for the methylation, flexible bundle, signaling, and linker sub-domains in vivo. Our results suggest that the basic mechanism and function of receptor clustering is universal among bacterial species and was thus conserved during evolution

    Caricature dans Le Journal amusant : « Gymnase dramatique. Succès étourdissant ! Monsieur Alphonse : trois jolis actes de Dumas fils »

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    1 estampe : gravure sur bois ; 23 x 24 cm (im.)Alexandre Dumas Ă©crit pour Monsieur Alphonse , pièce crĂ©Ă©e en 1873, une longue prĂ©face Ă  propos du mariage, du cĂ©libat et des enfants naturels, ses thèmes de prĂ©dilection. Avant leur mariage respectif, Octave et Raymonde ont eu une fille, enfant naturel qu’ils cachent tant bien que mal pour prĂ©server leur statut social. « OCTAVE. Parce que je vous le rĂ©pète, si la femme que je vais Ă©pouser apprenait la vĂ©ritĂ© avant le mariage, le mariage serait rompu, et il faut que ce mariage se fasse ; et que, si elle l’apprenait après la vie serait un enfer. Elle est jalouse, mĂŞme du passĂ©. Elle me surveille sans cesse. S’il n’y avait que moi en jeu, ce ne serait rien ; mais il y a vous ; et, si après avoir eu connaissance de l’existence de cette enfant, ma fiancĂ©e acquĂ©rait la preuve que c’est vous la mère, elle vous ferait tout le mal possible. RAYMONDE. Et pourquoi Ă©pousez-vous cette femme-lĂ  ? OCTAVE. Parce qu’il le faut. RAYMONDE. Je vous plains ! OCTAVE. Il a bien fallu que vous Ă©pousiez M. de Montaiglin, vous… RAYMONDE, avec amertume et ironie . C’est vrai ; mais moi, j’avais commis une faute, tandis que vous, vous n’en avez jamais commis. Â» Alexandre Dumas, Monsieur Alphonse , acte I, scène 1, 1873. >Texte intĂ©gral dans Gallica : Paris, Calmann LĂ©vy, 1898tĂ©lĂ©chargeabl

    Automated Classification of SIMS Images Using K-means Clustering

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    Combat d'aigles : [estampe] / Lefman & Lourdel SC ; par Mobb

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    Référence bibliographique : De Vinck, 20067Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Est19VinckIllustratio

    A new approach for 3D segmentation of cellular tomograms obtained using three-dimensional electron microscopy

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    Electron tomography allows determination of the threedimensional structures of cells and tissues at resolutions significantly higher than is possible with optical microscopy. Electron tomograms contain, in principle, vast amounts of information on the locations and architectures of large numbers of subcellular assemblies and organelles. The development of reliable quantitative approaches for interpretation of features in tomograms, is an important problem, but is a challenging prospect because of the low signal-to-noise ratios that are inherent to biological electron microscopic images. As a first step in this direction, we report methods for the automated statistical analysis of HIV particles and selected cellular compartments in electron tomograms recorded from fixed, plastic-embedded sections derived from HIV-infected human macrophages. Individual features in the tomogram are segmented using a novel, robust algorithm that finds their boundaries as global minimal surfaces in a metric space defined by image features. Our expectation is that such methods will provide tools for semi-automated detection and statistical evaluation of HIV particles at different stages of assembly in the cells, and present opportunities for correlation with biochemical markers of HIV infection. 1
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